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Past modal verbs of deduction

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  • I can't believe Jim hasn't arrived yet. He____ taken the wrong train.
    I can't believe Jim hasn't arrived yet. He must have taken the wrong train.
  • Sarah looked very happy. She ____ passed her driving test.
    Sarah looked very happy. She must have passed her driving test.
  • I don't know where they went but they _____ gone to Paris or Marseille.
    I don't know where they went but they could have gone to Paris or Marseille.
  • You _______ paid more attention. Now we are lost.
    You ought to have paid more attention. Now we are lost.
  • The window was broken, so the thieves _______ got in through that window.
    The window was broken, so the thieves must have got in through that window.
  • I _____ revised more for the exam. I was lazy, and now I'll fail!
    I should have revised more for the exam. I was lazy, and now I'll fail!
  • I didn't know you were going to Phil's party yesterday. You _____ told me!
    I didn't know you were going to Phil's party yesterday. You should have told me!
  • Nobody knows exactly why he died. But we think it ____ been an accident.
    Nobody knows exactly why he died. But we think it might have been an accident.
  • You _____ been ill yesterday. Jessie saw you at the bowling alley.
    You couldn't have been ill yesterday. Jessie saw you at the bowling alley.
  • I can't believe Jim hasn't arrived yet. He______ taken the correct train.
    I can't believe Jim hasn't arrived yet. He can't have taken the correct train.