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Middle school Earth And Space Science

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  • The inner and outer planets are separated by the _____ _____
    asteroid belt
  • What is the asteroid belt?
    a ring-shaped region containing many rocky bodies called asteroids
  • The heliocentric model has been replaced by the geocentric model. TRUE or FALSE
    FALSE. The heliocentric model replaced the geocentric model.
  • Which phases occur when the moon forms a right angle with Earth and the sun.
    First and third-quarter moons
  • _____ _____ can occur only during a full moon.
    Lunar eclipses
  • What kind of model does the sun is at the center of the universe?
    heliocentric model
  • Both comets and asteroids are much bigger than planets. TRUE or FALSE
    FALSE. Both comets and asteroids are much smaller than planets.
  • What are the asteroids?
    Asteroids are small, rocky objects that orbit the Sun, most of them aren't round, and most of them are located in the central asteroid belt
  • The inner planets have thick atmospheres, gas surfaces, few or many moons, and have rings. TRUE or FALSE
    FALSE. These planets have thin atmospheres, solid surfaces, few or no moons, and no rings.
  • The outer planets have thin atmospheres, solid surfaces, no rings and moons. TRUE or FALSE
    FALSE. The outer planets have thick atmospheres, no solid surfaces, and many rings and moons.
  • The _____ receive the least amount of direct sunlight, so they tend to be cold.
    poles
  • The moon is Earth’s only ______ ______.
    natural satellite
  • Give some characteristics about Mars.
    - The thin atmosphere: CO2 - Has 2 moons
  • When the Northern or Southern Hemisphere points away from the sun, it’s summer in that hemisphere. TRUE or FALSE
    FALSE. When the Northern or Southern Hemisphere points away from the sun, it’s winter in that hemisphere.
  • Early astronomers developed the _____ _____ based on the apparent motion of the sun and stars.
    geocentric model
  • What does the solar system consist of?
    It consists of the sun, eight planets and their moons, an asteroid belt, and other celestial bodies such as comets.
  • Where there are more direct sun rays, what happens in that place?
    It is summer in that place
  • What does the force of gravity between two objects depend on?
    the masses of the objects and the distance between them.
  • ______ is a force that pulls objects with mass towards each other.
    Gravity
  • What is the Nebula?
    A nebula is a giant cloud of dust and gas in space.
  • Give some characteristics about Uranus.
    - "The sideways plant" - Smaller rings than Saturn
  • Give some characteristics about Neptune.
    - Average temp: -214oC - Windiest planet - "Ice giant"
  • In the geocentric model, Earth is at the center of the universe. TRUE or FALSE
    TRUE
  • When the Northern or Southern Hemisphere points toward the sun, it’s winter in that hemisphere. TRUE or FALSE
    FALSE. When the Northern or Southern Hemisphere points toward the sun, it’s summer in that hemisphere.
  • The _____ _____ is how objects actually move.
    actual motion
  • What are the four planets closest to the sun and what are they called?
    Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars — are called the inner planets.
  • We live in a galaxy called the _____ _____.
    Milky Way
  • A _____ is a collection of billions of stars held together by gravity.
    galaxy
  • Where there are fewer direct sun rays, what happens in that place?
    It's winter in that place.
  • The moon rotates once on its axis and revolves once around Earth about every ______.
    27 days
  • The Northern and Southern Hemispheres always have opposite seasons. TRUE or FALSE
    TRUE
  • The greater the masses and the shorter the distance, the weaker the force of gravity. TRUE or FALSE
    FALSE. The greater the masses and the shorter the distance, the stronger the force of gravity.
  • What causes the seasons?
    Earth’s axis is tilted. As a result, as Earth orbits the sun, different parts of Earth point toward or away from the sun.
  • Which phase occurs when the moon is on the same side of the Earth as the sun?
    The new moon
  • Mercury is the smallest planet and no moon. TRUE or FALSE
    TRUE
  • What kind of motion does the earth rotate on its axis?
    actual motion
  • _____ are dusty, icy bodies that orbit the sun beyond Neptune.
    Comets
  • A ______ ______ occurs when Earth’s shadow covers the moon.
    lunar eclipse
  • The _____ and _____ _____ appear half-lit from Earth but on opposite sides.
    first and third-quarter moons
  • What are the asteroids made up of?
    The asteroids made up of Nickel and Iron
  • A _____ _____ is the shape of the moon’s sunlit portion as seen from Earth.
    moon phase
  • Which phase occurs when the moon is on the opposite side of the Earth from the sun?
    The full moon
  • What kind of motion does the sun seems to rise and set each day due to Earth's rotation.?
    apparent motion
  • The _____ _____is how objects appear to move.
    apparent motion 
  • The _____ is the most massive body in our solar system.
    sun
  • When the moon is partially covered, the eclipse is ______.
    partial
  • Give some characteristics about Venus
    - The closest plant to Earth and about the same size as Earth - No moon - The hottest planet - Atmosphere: CO2 and H2SO4 - Extensive lava flows
  • There are six major moon phases, which repeat every 29.5 days on average. TRUE or FALSE
    FALSE. There are four major moon phases, which repeat every 29.5 days on average.
  • The _____ _____ is a doughnut-shaped ring of icy objects around the Sun, extending just beyond the orbit of Neptune from about 30 to 55 AU.
    Kuiper Belt
  • What is another name for the "inner planets"?
    Terrestrial planets
  • Give some characteristics about Saturn.
    - Gas giant - Saturn's ring made out of rocks and ice
  • What is the oort cloud?
    a spherical layer at the edge of the solar system filled with comets; the collection of icy debris
  • The nearest large galaxy to the Milky Way is called the _____ _____.
    Andromeda Galaxy
  • Give some characteristics about Jupiter.
    - Could fit about 1,300 ?s inside of it - "Gas Giant" - Atmosphere: hydrogen, helium - 50+ moons
  • When the moon is fully covered, the eclipse is _____.
    total
  • The _____ _____ appears completely lit from Earth.
    full moon
  • _______ gravity keeps Earth and the other planets in orbit around it, holding the solar system together.
    The sun
  • The _____ _____ is slowly moving towards the Milky Way and will collide with our galaxy in about 4.5 billion years.
    Andromeda Galaxy
  • The _____ receives the greatest amount of direct sunlight, so it tends to be warm.
    equator
  • The _____ _____ appears completely dark from Earth.
    new moon
  • What are the four planets farthest to the sun and what are they called?
    Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune — are called the outer planets.
  • Our solar system formed from a ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ about 4.6 billion years ago.
    huge cloud of gas and dust
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