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Unit 1 Review

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  • "Attracted to water"
    hydrophilic
  • Classify this molecule: lipid, carbohydrate, protein, nucleic acid
    nucleic acid
  • Sugar found in RNA.
    ribose
  • Classify this molecule: lipid, carbohydrate, protein, nucleic acid
    nucleic acid
  • This type of lipid is the main component of cell membranes.
    phospholipid
  • Which level of protein structure is stabilized by hydrogen bonding between the C=O and N-H groups of the backbone?
    secondary
  • Type of reaction that digests macromolecules down to their monomers.
    hydrolysis
  • Which level of protein structure is the three-dimensional shape?
    tertiary
  • Classify this molecule: lipid, carbohydrate, protein, nucleic acid
    lipid
  • Type of bond that forms, connecting monomers in a polymer.
    covalent
  • This type of fatty acid is likely solid at room temperature because the fatty acid tails pack together tightly.
    saturated
  • This base pairs with thymine (T) in DNA.
    adenine (A)
  • Classify this molecule: lipid, carbohydrate, protein, nucleic acid
    protein
  • Classify this molecule: lipid, carbohydrate, protein, nucleic acid
    protein
  • Type of bond that attracts H and O within a single water molecule.
    polar covalent
  • Name of monomer used to make carbohydrates.
    monosaccharide
  • Type of bond that attracts H and O between different water molecules.
    hydrogen
  • Direction in which polypeptides are synthesized (___ to ___).
    N to C
  • Specific name of covalent bond formed during protein synthesis.
    peptide
  • This class of macromolecules has many functions: speed up reactions, structure, transport, movement, etc.
    proteins
  • Polar amino acids form _____ bonds with other polar amino acids.
    hydrogen
  • This type of fatty acid is likely liquid at room temperature because the fatty acid tails pack together loosely.
    unsaturated
  • Positively charged amino acids form _____ bonds with negatively charged amino acids.
    ionic
  • The complementary strands of DNA are held together by ___ bonds.
    hydrogen
  • When two complementary strands of DNA are bonded together, but one is 5'----3' and the other is 3'-----5'
    antiparallel
  • Name of monomer used to make nucleic acids.
    nucleotide
  • Word that describes water molecules making hydrogen bond with other water molecules.
    cohesion
  • If a molecule has a lot of C-H bonds, it is likely hydro-_____.
    phobic
  • A type of fatty acid that has single C-C bonds.
    saturated
  • Class of macromolecule made of C, H, O in no ratio; is hydrophobic
    lipids
  • Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophobic?
    tails (fatty acids)
  • Class of macromolecule made of C, H, O, N, S
    proteins
  • A type of fatty acid that has double C-C bonds.
    unsaturated
  • Oceans maintain stable temperature due to this property of water.
    high heat capacity / high specific heat
  • Hormones can be within two classes of molecules: ____ and ____.
    steroids (lipids) & proteins
  • Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophilic?
    head (phosphate)
  • Names of the three pyrimidines found in nucleic acids.
    cytosine, thymine, uracil
  • Polymer of glucose found in plant cells; stores energy.
    starch
  • Polymer of glucose found in animal liver and muscle cells; stores energy.
    glycogen
  • If a molecule has a lot of O-H bonds, it is likely hydro-_____.
    philic
  • Classify this molecule: lipid, carbohydrate, protein, nucleic acid
    lipid
  • A fat is made of one ____ and three _____.
    glycerol; fatty acids
  • Tendency of an atom to attract a bonded pair of electrons.
    electronegativity
  • This class of macromolecules has 3 subclasses: fats, phospholipids, steroids
    lipids
  • Classify this molecule: lipid, carbohydrate, protein, nucleic acid
    carbohydrate
  • Classify this molecule: lipid, carbohydrate, protein, nucleic acid
    carbohydrate
  • Name of monomer used to make proteins.
    amino acid
  • Evaporative cooling works due to this property of water.
    high heat of vaporization
  • Two specific structures found in the secondary structure of proteins.
    alpha helix; beta sheet
  • This class of macromolecules contains polymers that can be branched or linear.
    carbohydrates
  • The end of a polypeptide to which a new monomer is added.
    C (carboxyl)
  • Classify this molecule: lipid, carbohydrate, protein, nucleic acid
    carbohydrate
  • Which level of protein structure is a linear chain / sequence of amino acids?
    primary
  • Level of protein structure that involves multiple subunits interacting.
    quaternary
  • Class of macromolecule made of C, H, O in 1:2:1 ratio.
    carbohydrates
  • The sugar phosphate backbone of DNA and RNA is held together by ___ bonds.
    covalent
  • "Repels water"
    hydrophobic
  • This base pairs with cytosine (C) in DNA.
    guanine (G)
  • How many hydrogen bonds are formed between G and C nucleotides?
    3
  • How many hydrogen bonds are formed between A and T nucleotides?
    2
  • Nonpolar amino acids interact together by _____.
    hydrophobic interactions / van der Waals
  • Which part of an amino acid determines its chemical properties?
    R group/side chain
  • Polymer of glucose found in plant cells; forms cell wall.
    cellulose
  • Word that describes water molecules making hydrogen bond with molecules of a different type.
    adhesion
  • Names of the two purines found in nucleic acids.
    adenine, guanine
  • A phospholipid is made of one ____, one ____, and two ____.
    glycerol; phosphate; fatty acids
  • Classify this molecule: lipid, carbohydrate, protein, nucleic acid
    protein
  • The end of a nucleotide to which a new monomer is added.
    3'
  • Class of macromolecule made of C, H, O, N, P
    nucleic acids
  • Type of reaction that builds polymers.
    dehydration synthesis (condensation)
  • Direction in which nucleic acids are synthesized (___ to ___).
    5 to 3
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