If only one type of atom makes up a substance, what can you call this substance?
an element
a neutron
a proton
a compound
Proteins in our skin, hair, and nails are called what?
Regulatory proteins
Storage proteins
Transport proteins
Structural proteins
Lactose is composed of a glucose molecule and a galactose molecule, therefore, lactose is classified as a _____.
trisaccharide
disaccharide
monosaccharide
polysaccharide
In covalently bonded molecules, oxidation and reduction are determined by:
uneven sharing of electrons
enzymes and coenzymes
reactants that are broken down
products that are synthesized
What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the 2s orbital?
3
2
6
8
Proteins are biological molecules made of _____.
amino acids
nucleotides
sugars
glycerol
A polar molecule, such as the one involved in a hydrogen bond, is sometimes called _____.
a dipole
a covalent bond
simply, hydrogen
a tripole
Particles that are found in the atomic nucleus are:
Neutrons and electrons
Protons, neutrons and electrons
Protons and electrons
Protons and neutrons
What is the definition of a chemical?
two or more molecules connected together by chemical bonds
A material containing ionic bonds only
A material containing only non-metals
Two or more atoms connected together by chemical bonds
All of the following statements are true, EXCEPT _____.
starch is composed of amylopectin and amylose
sugars are found only in plants
pasta and cereals are good sources of carbohydrates
mammals store carbohydrates in the form of glycogen
Which of the following statements is true?
Electrons circle the nucleus like Earth around the Sun
The energy of electrons decreases with increasing distance
Valence electrons are in the outermost shell
Electrons removed from atoms always increase the stability
When a protein makes it easier for a biological reaction to happen, it is acting as _____.
a messenger
a transporter
a structural protein
an enzyme
Carlos just finished an exhausting workout. Which of the following carbohydrates can be readily used by his body as a source of fuel?
Dietary fiber
Glucose
Any kind of polysaccharide.
Cellulose
Hydrogen bonds occur between hydrogen in one polar molecule and _____ in another polar molecule. I. Oxygen II. Fluorine III. Nitrogen
III only
II only
I and II only
I, II, and III
A hydrogen bond is _____.
a perimolecular force
a paramolecular force
an intermolecular force
an intramolecular force
What does the atomic number represent?
total number of protons and neutrons
total number of electrons and protons combined
number of neutrons
number of protons
If Argon is a noble gas and its atomic number is 18, how many electrons can be found in the valence level?
36
6
18
8
The reactant in a redox reaction that readily donates electrons is called a/an:
redox agent
reducing agent
dehydrogenase
coenzyme
A redox reaction can easily be explained as:
forming a bond by sharing electrons
transferring electrons between reactants
an attraction between opposite charges
the breakdown of glucose in cells
Which of the following type of bond normally forms between two non-metal atoms?
Ionic
Plastic
Metallic
Covalent
All of the following statements are true about lipids, EXCEPT that _____.
steroid hormones like testosterone are lipids
all lipids are fats
lipids are good at storing energy
lipids are biological molecules that are insoluble in water
Which of the following properties helps explain why a city near the Pacific Ocean experiences less dramatic changes in temperature during the day compared to a city farther inland?
Water has a high specific heat.
Water has high surface tension.
Water has a low specific heat.
Water forms covalent bonds
Which of the following is NOT a type of chemical bond?
Covalent bond
Polar covalent bond
Ionic bond
Polar ionic bond
What atoms are connected by a peptide bond?
Carbonyl carbon and amino group nitrogen
Amine nitrogen and another amine nitrogen
Side chain groups
Carbonyl carbon and carbonyl oxygen
Which set of functional groups is always found in sugars?
Ethers and amines.
Amines and alcohols.
Ethers and carboxylic acids.
Hydroxyl groups and ethers.
Which of the following roles do lipids NOT play in our bodies?
Store energy
Act as hormones
Generate heat
Make up part of our cell membranes
Water's ability to move against gravity in a narrow space, such as a tube, is called:
Osmosis.
Capillary action.
Hydrogen bonding.
Cohesion.
Why does soap remove grease from pans when we wash dishes?
The whole soap molecule is non-polar, so it breaks apart fat
Soap molecules react with fats to break up fat blobs.
Soap sends a chemical message to fats to break up fat blobs
Part of the soap is polar and part is non-polar
Why is solid water (ice) less dense than liquid water?
Hydrogen bonds are not able to be formed.
It is actually more dense.
The hydrogen bonds between water molecules are spaced out.
Liquid water does not form hydrogen bonds.