Proteins are biological molecules made of _____.
amino acids
sugars
nucleotides
glycerol
What is the definition of a chemical?
Two or more atoms connected together by chemical bonds
A material containing only non-metals
two or more molecules connected together by chemical bonds
A material containing ionic bonds only
Why is solid water (ice) less dense than liquid water?
The hydrogen bonds between water molecules are spaced out.
Liquid water does not form hydrogen bonds.
Hydrogen bonds are not able to be formed.
It is actually more dense.
Carlos just finished an exhausting workout. Which of the following carbohydrates can be readily used by his body as a source of fuel?
Dietary fiber
Glucose
Any kind of polysaccharide.
Cellulose
Which of the following is NOT a type of chemical bond?
Ionic bond
Covalent bond
Polar ionic bond
Polar covalent bond
A hydrogen bond is _____.
a paramolecular force
a perimolecular force
an intramolecular force
an intermolecular force
What atoms are connected by a peptide bond?
Amine nitrogen and another amine nitrogen
Carbonyl carbon and carbonyl oxygen
Carbonyl carbon and amino group nitrogen
Side chain groups
In covalently bonded molecules, oxidation and reduction are determined by:
uneven sharing of electrons
enzymes and coenzymes
reactants that are broken down
products that are synthesized
Which of the following type of bond normally forms between two non-metal atoms?
Metallic
Ionic
Covalent
Plastic
Which of the following roles do lipids NOT play in our bodies?
Act as hormones
Store energy
Make up part of our cell membranes
Generate heat
Which set of functional groups is always found in sugars?
Hydroxyl groups and ethers.
Ethers and carboxylic acids.
Ethers and amines.
Amines and alcohols.
If only one type of atom makes up a substance, what can you call this substance?
a proton
a compound
an element
a neutron
Which of the following statements is true?
Electrons removed from atoms always increase the stability
Valence electrons are in the outermost shell
The energy of electrons decreases with increasing distance
Electrons circle the nucleus like Earth around the Sun
A polar molecule, such as the one involved in a hydrogen bond, is sometimes called _____.
a tripole
a covalent bond
simply, hydrogen
a dipole
The reactant in a redox reaction that readily donates electrons is called a/an:
redox agent
reducing agent
dehydrogenase
coenzyme
What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the 2s orbital?
3
2
8
6
Hydrogen bonds occur between hydrogen in one polar molecule and _____ in another polar molecule. I. Oxygen II. Fluorine III. Nitrogen
I, II, and III
III only
I and II only
II only
A redox reaction can easily be explained as:
forming a bond by sharing electrons
an attraction between opposite charges
transferring electrons between reactants
the breakdown of glucose in cells
Proteins in our skin, hair, and nails are called what?
Structural proteins
Transport proteins
Regulatory proteins
Storage proteins
Lactose is composed of a glucose molecule and a galactose molecule, therefore, lactose is classified as a _____.
trisaccharide
disaccharide
monosaccharide
polysaccharide
Which of the following properties helps explain why a city near the Pacific Ocean experiences less dramatic changes in temperature during the day compared to a city farther inland?
Water has a low specific heat.
Water forms covalent bonds
Water has a high specific heat.
Water has high surface tension.
All of the following statements are true about lipids, EXCEPT that _____.
lipids are good at storing energy
all lipids are fats
steroid hormones like testosterone are lipids
lipids are biological molecules that are insoluble in water
When a protein makes it easier for a biological reaction to happen, it is acting as _____.
a structural protein
a transporter
a messenger
an enzyme
Why does soap remove grease from pans when we wash dishes?
Soap sends a chemical message to fats to break up fat blobs
Soap molecules react with fats to break up fat blobs.
The whole soap molecule is non-polar, so it breaks apart fat
Part of the soap is polar and part is non-polar
If Argon is a noble gas and its atomic number is 18, how many electrons can be found in the valence level?
8
6
36
18
Water's ability to move against gravity in a narrow space, such as a tube, is called:
Osmosis.
Cohesion.
Capillary action.
Hydrogen bonding.
What does the atomic number represent?
number of protons
total number of protons and neutrons
total number of electrons and protons combined
number of neutrons
Particles that are found in the atomic nucleus are:
Neutrons and electrons
Protons and neutrons
Protons, neutrons and electrons
Protons and electrons
All of the following statements are true, EXCEPT _____.
mammals store carbohydrates in the form of glycogen
pasta and cereals are good sources of carbohydrates
starch is composed of amylopectin and amylose
sugars are found only in plants