Proteins are biological molecules made of _____.
sugars
nucleotides
glycerol
amino acids
Which of the following statements is true?
Valence electrons are in the outermost shell
Electrons removed from atoms always increase the stability
Electrons circle the nucleus like Earth around the Sun
The energy of electrons decreases with increasing distance
The reactant in a redox reaction that readily donates electrons is called a/an:
dehydrogenase
redox agent
reducing agent
coenzyme
In covalently bonded molecules, oxidation and reduction are determined by:
reactants that are broken down
uneven sharing of electrons
enzymes and coenzymes
products that are synthesized
If Argon is a noble gas and its atomic number is 18, how many electrons can be found in the valence level?
18
6
8
36
A redox reaction can easily be explained as:
transferring electrons between reactants
the breakdown of glucose in cells
forming a bond by sharing electrons
an attraction between opposite charges
Water's ability to move against gravity in a narrow space, such as a tube, is called:
Hydrogen bonding.
Capillary action.
Osmosis.
Cohesion.
What is the definition of a chemical?
Two or more atoms connected together by chemical bonds
A material containing only non-metals
two or more molecules connected together by chemical bonds
A material containing ionic bonds only
What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the 2s orbital?
3
8
2
6
When a protein makes it easier for a biological reaction to happen, it is acting as _____.
a transporter
a structural protein
an enzyme
a messenger
Particles that are found in the atomic nucleus are:
Neutrons and electrons
Protons and neutrons
Protons and electrons
Protons, neutrons and electrons
Which of the following is NOT a type of chemical bond?
Polar covalent bond
Polar ionic bond
Ionic bond
Covalent bond
Carlos just finished an exhausting workout. Which of the following carbohydrates can be readily used by his body as a source of fuel?
Cellulose
Glucose
Dietary fiber
Any kind of polysaccharide.
Hydrogen bonds occur between hydrogen in one polar molecule and _____ in another polar molecule. I. Oxygen II. Fluorine III. Nitrogen
III only
I, II, and III
II only
I and II only
Proteins in our skin, hair, and nails are called what?
Structural proteins
Regulatory proteins
Transport proteins
Storage proteins
What does the atomic number represent?
number of protons
total number of electrons and protons combined
number of neutrons
total number of protons and neutrons
Lactose is composed of a glucose molecule and a galactose molecule, therefore, lactose is classified as a _____.
trisaccharide
monosaccharide
polysaccharide
disaccharide
A hydrogen bond is _____.
a perimolecular force
an intermolecular force
an intramolecular force
a paramolecular force
Which of the following properties helps explain why a city near the Pacific Ocean experiences less dramatic changes in temperature during the day compared to a city farther inland?
Water has a low specific heat.
Water has a high specific heat.
Water has high surface tension.
Water forms covalent bonds
Which of the following type of bond normally forms between two non-metal atoms?
Metallic
Ionic
Covalent
Plastic
Why does soap remove grease from pans when we wash dishes?
Part of the soap is polar and part is non-polar
Soap sends a chemical message to fats to break up fat blobs
Soap molecules react with fats to break up fat blobs.
The whole soap molecule is non-polar, so it breaks apart fat
A polar molecule, such as the one involved in a hydrogen bond, is sometimes called _____.
a covalent bond
a tripole
simply, hydrogen
a dipole
All of the following statements are true, EXCEPT _____.
sugars are found only in plants
pasta and cereals are good sources of carbohydrates
mammals store carbohydrates in the form of glycogen
starch is composed of amylopectin and amylose
All of the following statements are true about lipids, EXCEPT that _____.
lipids are good at storing energy
all lipids are fats
lipids are biological molecules that are insoluble in water
steroid hormones like testosterone are lipids
Which of the following roles do lipids NOT play in our bodies?
Store energy
Make up part of our cell membranes
Act as hormones
Generate heat
What atoms are connected by a peptide bond?
Carbonyl carbon and carbonyl oxygen
Side chain groups
Carbonyl carbon and amino group nitrogen
Amine nitrogen and another amine nitrogen
Why is solid water (ice) less dense than liquid water?
Liquid water does not form hydrogen bonds.
Hydrogen bonds are not able to be formed.
The hydrogen bonds between water molecules are spaced out.
It is actually more dense.
Which set of functional groups is always found in sugars?
Hydroxyl groups and ethers.
Ethers and carboxylic acids.
Amines and alcohols.
Ethers and amines.
If only one type of atom makes up a substance, what can you call this substance?
an element
a neutron
a proton
a compound