Define creole
a descendant of European settlers born in a Spanish, Portuguese, or French colony
The land and the Native Americans were exploited through the ________ (plantation) and ______ (mining) systems. (Answers are in Spanish)
Encomienda / Mita
What is transhumant livestock farming?
A type of pastoralism or nomadism, a seasonal movement of livestock between fixed summer and winter pastures.
Before the arrival of the Europeans, what was one of the tribal cultures and civilizations that already inhabited the Americas?
Aztecs / Mayans / Incas
Define Humanism
?
The Early Modern Age began with ________ in 1453 and ended with the _____________ in 1789.
Fall of Constantinople / French Revolution
Who (which class) became more influential in the cities during the Early Modern Age?
The bourgeoisie
Define mita
forced-labor draft imposed by the Spaniards on the indigenous inhabitants of Peru (?)
In the Early Modern Age, the kings reasserted their power over the nobility and the bourgeoisie and established ______________.
Authoritarian monarchies
What is economic activity? Give an example
producing, purchasing, or selling products or services. Working for a wage or salary is also an economic activity.
What were the Nueva Planta Decrees?
A number of decrees signed between 1707 and 1716 by Philip V, the first Bourbon king of Spain, which created a Spanish state and Spanish citizenship
Give an example of the supply and demand law.
multiple answers
What did the Catholic Church establish against the Protestant Reformation?
Counter-Reformation
During the reign of the Catholic Monarchs, explain one of the key characteristics.
Domestic policy / Foreign policy / economy and society / culture
What is one difference between the absolutist monarchy and the parliamentary one?
Absolute monarchy: the king rules with absolute and total power; constitutional: the king has limited powers since they rule with parliament
At the beginning of the Early Modern Age, which new artistic style emerged in Italy and spread throughout the rest of Europe?
The Renaissance
Rivalry between ______ and _______ caused religious wars and persecutions on grounds of faith which occured throughout Europe.
Catholics / Protestants
Name one of the important economic changes that happened in the beginning of the Early Modern Age.
Agricultural production increased / craftsmanship and trade grew / mercantile capitalism developed