You are trying to raid a castle. It is surrounded by thick stone walls. What can you do?
Siege tower to get over the wall, tunnel under the wall, catapult to break the wall, siege to starve them.
Describe feudalism
A system of government in which nobles receive land from a king in exchange from their loyalty. That land is then worked by serfs and vassals
Who is at the bottom of the social pyramid in feudalism?
Peasants
Why did feudalism begin in Europe?
There were no strong governments and kings were looking for ways to gain loyalty from nobles
What is country #5?
Italy
What is a guild and how did it help change the economy?
It is a union of craftspeople who manufacture things for sale or trade. It helped move people away from farming and created more job opportunities for peasants
What are 2 reasons why the bubonic plague spread so rapidly throughout Europe?
Towns meant a lot of people living in a small area, trade connected the continent, no knowledge of hygiene
What was the name of the estate that was owned by a lord and lived on by vassals and peasants?
Manor
How did the rise of towns contribute to the end of Feudalism?
With peasants living in towns as opposed to on manors it created more independence for them and less power for the land owning nobles.
What is a fief?
A piece of land given in exchange for loyalty/feudal service
How did the Magna Carta influence the US Constitution? Provide at least 1 specific example
Protections given to people accused of a crime like having the right to a trial with a jury and protection from having your possessions seized.
The Catholic Church was the most powerful organization in Europe. How did it become so influential?(Provide 2 reasons)
Owned a lot of land, there were no strong nations, people wanted to go to heaven and the church provided things you would need to do that.
What are 2 things that all nations have?
A strong central government(usually led by a King) and clear borders
What was the goal of the Crusades and were they successful?
To take control of the Holy Land for the Catholic Church, but they did not hold on to the territory for long.
What effect did the Magna Carta have on the King of England?
It limited his power and guaranteed rights to Englishmen
What are 2 challenges faced by serfs under fuedalism?
Hard labor, little to no pay, not allowed to leave a manor, among others.
Who was the emperor who reunited most of Western Europe?
Charlemagne
Describe the Code of Chivalry
It was a code that all knights lived by and described standards they needed to meet. Examples include being loyal to your lord and respectful to women.