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Natural Science: Heat & Light

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  • Give an example of how thermal energy transfers between objects
    When we put hot coffee into a cold glass, the thermal energy in the coffee transfers to the glass, making it hotter.
  • Give an example of radiation
    Thermal energy from the Sun is transferred to the Earth
  • What is evaporation?
    When a liquid is heated and changes to a gas
  • _____ is when light energy bounces off a surface and changes direction.
    Reflection is when light energy bounces off a surface and changes direction.
  • ______ materials don't block any light.
    Transparent materials don't block any light.
  • What is expansion?
    When thermal energy causes the molecules in a solid, liquid or gas to vibrate, which causes the material to expand.
  • ______ is when thermal energy travels through a gas or liquid.
    Convection is when thermal energy travels through a gas or liquid.
  • ______ is when thermal energy is transferred through space by electromagnetic waves.
    Radiation is when thermal energy is transferred through space by electromagnetic waves.
  • ________ is when two objects are touching and heat is transferred from one object to the other.
    Conduction is when two objects are touching and heat is transferred from one object to the other.
  • Give an example of an insulator
    Oven mitts, styrofoam, a wood handle on a pan, plastic spatula
  • Thermal energy always travels from a ____ object to a _____ one.
    Thermal energy always travels from a hotter object to a colder one.
  • Heat and light are both forms of _____.
    Heat and light are both forms of radiant energy.
  • What are the two types of light?
    Natural and artificial
  • What is melting?
    When a solid is heated and changes to a liquid.
  • An _______ is a material or object that doesn't transfer thermal energy easily.
    An insulator is a material or object that doesn't transfer thermal energy easily.
  • What is an example of an artificial source of light?
    Light bulb, computer screen, watch, lamp, fire
  • When a solid receives thermal energy it changes to a liquid. This process is called _____.
    This process is called melting.
  • Refraction causes light to _______.
    Refraction causes light to bend as it passes through a substance.
  • Reflection causes light to ________.
    Reflection causes light to change direction when it hits a surface.
  • What is an example of a natural source of light?
    The sun
  • How can thermal energy affect objects?
    It can cause them to expand or move, and it can change the state of an object (for example, changing a solid to a liquid).
  • True or false? Thermal energy can cause permanent changes.
    True. For example, when we bake a cake, we can't change the ingredients back into their original form.
  • When a liquid receives thermal energy it changes to a gas. This process is called _____.
    This process is called evaporation.
  • Give an example of a conductor
    A metal frying pan
  • How are temperature and heat different?
    Temperature tells us how hot an object is. Heat is how much thermal energy an object has.
  • ____ materials don't let any light pass through them.
    Opaque materials don't let any light pass through them.
  • A _______ is a material or object that transfers thermal energy easily.
    A conductor is a material or object that transfers thermal energy easily.
  • What is an example of a chemical change?
    Baking a cake
  • White light is made up of _________.
    White light is made up of all the colours combined together.
  • _____ is when light energy passes through some transparent substances and changes direction slightly.
    Refraction is when light energy passes through some transparent substances and changes direction slightly.
  • ______ materials only let some light pass through them.
    Translucent materials only let some light pass through them.
  • How do we use light energy?
    To see things at night, to tell us when machines are on or off, and to see things on computer screens.
  • Give an example of convenction
    Boiling water in a pot
  • Give an example of conduction
    A metal pan on a stovetop
  • Light travels in _____ lines.
    Light travels in straight lines.
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