Due process of law; no self-incrimination, no double jeopardy
5th Amendment
No cruel and unusual punishment; no excessive bail
8th Amendment
(1787) Established a method to admit new states to the Union; provided a process for territories to govern themselves
Northwest Ordinance
OPPOSED RATIFICATION OF THE CONSTITUTION: Wanted stronger state governments, protection of individual rights with a BILL OF RIGHTS, opposed the creation of the office of the president
Anti-Federalists
Right to bear arms
2nd Amendment
The leaders of the Anti-Federalists (2)
Patrick Henry, George Mason
(1786-1787) Event involving farmers rebelling against property taxes; led to the need to restructure the federal government
Shays' Rebellion
Principle of the Constitution: The Constitution limits the powers of the federal government
Limited Government
Right to a speedy trial, right to an attorney
6th Amendment
A house of Congress: two senators from each state, equal representation for all states
U.S. Senate
Rights not listed in the Constitution belong to the people (Popular Sovereignty)
9th Amendment
Principle of the Constitution: Each branch checks on each other so that one branch does not become more powerful.
Checks and Balances
Principle of the Constitution: The power of the federal government is separated into three branches
Separation of Powers
Principle of the Constitution: People express their power by electing representatives to Congress
Republicanism
A house of Congress: representation based on population of each state
House of Representatives
No unreasonable searches and seizures
4th Amendment
Principle of the Constitution: Powers are shared and divided between the federal government and the state governments.
Federalism
Right to a trial by jury in civil cases
7th Amendment
An agreement made between the North and South that would count the slave population as three-fifths of the free population; increased southern influence
Three-Fifths Compromise
The leaders of the Federalists (3)
Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay
FOUR requirements for a territory to become a state under the Northwest Ordinance
1. 60,000 people need to live in the territory; 2. 5,000 free males; 3. NO SLAVERY; 4. Freedom of religion
A series of essays written to promote support for the ratification of the U.S. Constitution
The Federalist Papers
Principle of the Constitution: People have the ultimate authority in government
Popular Sovereignty
Interprets the laws (Supreme Court, federal courts)
Judicial Branch
The weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation
No President, No Army, No Court System, No Common Currency, No Taxes (power to tax)
WANTED TO RATIFY THE CONSTITUTION: Supported a strong central government, the need for an executive branch with a president, checks and balances to protect states' rights