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Animal Care Y3 L2 Wildlife Terminology
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R Breeding Strategy
Little to no investment of resources and parental care into offspring, but produces large numbers. Typically seen in pest organisms, such as rodents and insects
K Breeding Strategy
Heavy investment in each offspring, more commonly seen in long-lived organisms (e.g. elephants), with a longer period of maturation and heavy parental care.
Genetic Variability
The likelihood of different genetic characteristics existing within a population.
Demes
An isolated subpopulation of a species, typically due to geographical separation.
Population Trend
Changes over time in the population. Can refer to various things, such as changes in dispersal, behaviour, mortality, natality.
Secondary Consumer
Animal that eats a primary consumer (E.g. snake, fox, wild cat, bird of prey).
Primary Consumer
Animal that eats the primary product for example grass or other flora (E.g. Rabbit, Hare, Wildebeest, Zebra, Antelope).
Parallel Evolution
The process by which a similar trait develops in related, but distinct, species (E.g. woolly mammoth and elephant).
Divergent Evolution
The process where members of a species become more and more different, eventually resulting in two new species (E.g. Finches).
Convergent Evolution
The process by which unrelated organisms evolve similar physical characteristics (E.g. wings on a bird, bat, insect).
Ex-Situ Conservation
Conservation that takes place outside of the natural habitat (E.g. Zoos and collections, gene banks, colony relocation, research, education)
In-Situ Conservation
Conservation that takes place in the natural habitat (E.g. protected sites or reserves, environmental management, restoration, etc)
Mortality
Death rate, measured by the number of deaths due to a specific cause.
Genetic Variability
The likelihood of different genetic characteristics existing within a population.
Growth
The increase in a number of individuals in a population.
Seasonality
A characteristic of time in which there are regular and predictable changes that repeat over a one year period.
Metapopulation
A group of populations separated by space but that consists of the same species.
Scale
The size of an ecosystem (E.g. Small = a pond / Large = a rainforest)
Resources
A substance or object required by an organism for growth, maintenance and reproduction (Flora = light, water, temperature) (Fauna = food, water, shelter).
Ecological Niche
The role or function of an organism within its ecosystem.
Population Shift
A change in the relative numbers of the different groups of individuals making up a population.
Famine
An extreme shortage of food, leading to hunger or starvation.
Drought
A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a shortage of water.
Habitat Destruction
The process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species.
Emerging Diseases
Infections that have recently appeared within a population or whose incidence/geographic range is rapidly increasing or threatens to increase in the future.
Migration
Seasonal movement of animals from one region to another.
Natality
The birth rate of a population in comparison to the size of the population.
Fecundity
The fertility within a population and its ability to create an abundance of offspring.
Continuity in Time
A habitat or population with a long, uninterrupted presence.
Dispersal
Moving from birthing site to their breeding site, or the movement from one breeding site to another.
Dissolution
When a breeding pair of animals no longer interact with each other.
Abiotic
Not derived from living organisms; physical rather than biological (E.g. Stochastic events, weather, temperature, sunlight).
Biotic
Relating to or resulting from living organisms (E.g Introduction of a non-native species, hunting, poaching, habitat destruction, diseases).
A Stochastic Event
An event that cannot be predicted (e.g. flood, drought, tsunami, earthquake)
Speciation
Populations that become isolated from each other evolving to become their own distinct species (E.g. Finches)
Community
A collection of different species living in the same area.
Ecosystem
A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
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