Organic Chemistry and Functional Groups | Baamboozle - Baamboozle

Organic chemistry is defined as _____________.

The study of carbon containing molecules. This area of science is SUPER important for biology majors to understand.

This is ______________.

a functional group known as a Phosphate group

A functional group with a Sulfur atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom is a ______________.

Sulfhydryl group

This functional group is known as _______________.

an Amino group

This functional group is known as a ___________.

Carboxyl group

This functional group is known as a _____________.

Carbonyl group

If the OH in this molecule is replaced with a single Oxygen atom, and one more methyl group is added, this molecule becomes ____________.

Testosterone

What does this molecule become if one hydrogen is replaced by a hydroxyl group?

Ethane becomes ethanol if one OH group replaces one H.

What caused this birth defect to happen? Be specific!

Pregnant mothers were given the wrong stereoisomer of molecule known as thalidomide.

These two amino acids show "handiness". Since they are "mirror images" of each other they are isomers specifically known as ___________.

Stereoisomers

These two identical molecules are great examples of __________.

Isomers. They have the exact same molecular formula but different atomic arrangements.

Various combinations of carbon and hydrogen atoms which form compounds that are nonpolar and hydrophobic are typically known as __________.

hydrocarbons

This molecule is ATP. What would the molecule be known as if it were missing two phophate groups?

It would be a nucleotide.

This type of carbon-ring molecule is known as a ____________.

Heme group. This one is found in the hemoglobin proteins of red blood cells.

Are all of these structures considered to be carbon skeletons? Can you explain why?

Yes. They are all patterns that carbon atoms can form when they bond together to make molecules.

Nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I) as well as the metals lithium (Li) and magnesium (Mg) are all considered to be __________. Why?

Heteroatoms. This is because they are all noncarbon atoms that can replace carbon in the backbone of an organic molecule.

Consider the compound, C2H4. Will it be tetrahedral?

No. This compound will have a double bond between the two carbon atoms which will give it a flat plane shape.

Carbon has an electronegativity of 2.5 on the periodic table. What does this mean?

Electronegativity is an atom's ability to draw electrons close to itself. Because it is relatively weak, carbon shares electrons instead of stealing them.

True or False? Carbon atoms typically love to give away their electrons.

False! Under normal circumstances carbon atoms will NOT give away their electrons. Instead, they form covalent bonds.

Can you name the four carbon-based molecules that make up about 25% of most human cells?

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids

Which has the stronger bond? Carbon to Carbon or Silcon to Silcon? Can you explain why?

Carbon to Carbon bonds are stronger because carbon atoms are smaller.

In carbon chemistry, what is catenation?

Carbon has the ability to bond to itself and form stable chain, ring, and branched compounds.

When applied to carbon, what do the terms "Tetrahedral" and "Tetravalent" mean?

Because carbon has four valence elections it is tetravalent. This arrangement allows it to form structures that look like 3D pyramids that are tetrahedral.

Where do you find Carbon on the Periodic Table? What does its position mean?

Carbon is found in Period 2 meaning it has two electron shells to accommodate six electrons. It is found in Group 4A because it has four valence electrons.