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Higher Biology - Unit 1
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Name the trio who won the 1962 Nobel Prize in Medicine for their discovery of DNA's structure.
 
Watson, Crick and Wilkins
 
Diamond, Yauch and Horowitz
 
Rowland, Knowles and Williams
 
Best, Law and Charlton
If a protein contains 120 amino acids then how many bases were present in the original gene?
 
360
 
120
 
40
 
60
Which of the following is NOT one of the three domains of life?
 
Prokaryotes
 
Archaea
 
Eukaryotes
 
Bacteria
Which of the following is the correct order of evolution?
 
cells > prokaryotes > eukaryotes > animals > land plants
 
prokaryotes > cells > eukaryotes > animals > land plants
 
cells > prokaryotes > eukaryotes > land plants > animals
 
cells > prokaryotes > animals > eukaryotes > land plants
Which type of natural selection can lead to speciation?
 
Disruptive
 
Directional
 
Stabilising
 
Dimensional
Normal DNA - ATCCCCCTACC. Mutated DNA - ATCCACCTACC. Which type of mutation has occurred?
 
Substitution
 
Inversion
 
Insertion
 
Deletion
Normal DNA - ATTTTTTACG. Mutated DNA - ATTTATTTACG. Which type of mutation has occurred?
 
Insertion
 
Inversion
 
Substitution
 
Deletion
Which of the following are involved in transcription of DNA but not replication of DNA?
 
RNA polymerase
 
DNA polymerase
 
Primers
 
Ligase
During PCR, which of the following occurs at the highest temperature?
 
Strands separated
 
Primers bind
 
Ligase joins DNA fragments
 
DNA polymerase adds nucleotides
The study of evolutionary relatedness is known as what?
 
Phylogenetics
 
Pharmacogenetics
 
Bioinformatics
 
Speciation
Which of the following barriers would not be involved in an example of sympatric speciation?
 
Geographical
 
Ecological
 
Behavioural
Natural selection of human babies of medium rather than low or high mass is an example of?
 
Stabilising selection
 
Directional selection
 
Disruptive selection
 
Sexual selection
Which type of chromosome structure mutation is important for evolution?
 
Duplication
 
Translocation
 
Inversion
 
Deletion
When part of a chromosome becomes attached to another chromosome it is known as what?
 
Translocation
 
Duplication
 
Inversion
 
Deletion
The insertion of an extra nucleotide into a DNA sequence results in what?
 
Frameshift mutation
 
Missense mutation
 
Nonsense mutation
 
Neutral mutation
Substitution, insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide in a DNA sequence is known as:
 
Single gene mutation
 
Polyploidy
 
Chromosome structure mutation
 
Translocation mutation
How much of the genome is made up of regions that code for DNA?
 
Around 2%
 
All of it
 
Around 95%
 
Around 50%
Which of the following is a potential downside to stem cell research?
 
There are ethical issues surrounding their use
 
They can be used to repair damaged or diseased organs
 
They can be used as model cells
 
They can be used to investigate how cells become specialised
What kind of cells are found in animals and produce specialised cells of one or more types?
 
Stem cells
 
Differentiation cells
 
Meristems
 
Haploid
What word describes the process by which a cell develops more specialised functions?
 
Differentiation
 
Replication
 
Transcription
 
Translation
What kind of bonds form between adjacent amino acids in protein synthesis at the ribosome?
 
Peptide
 
Strong chemical
 
Hydrogen
 
Disulphide bridges
The process of editing a primary transcript to produce a mature RNA transcript is called what?
 
RNA splicing
 
Transcription
 
Translation
 
Modification
What parts are removed from the primary transcript when producing the mature RNA transcript?
 
Introns
 
Exons
 
Coding regions
 
Bases
What stage of protein synthesis occurs in the nucleus?
 
Transcription
 
Cutting and combining
 
Formation of the final 3D protein shape
 
Translation
Which type of RNA carries a copy of the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome?
 
mRNA
 
rRNA
 
tRNA
 
zRNA
Which of the following is true of RNA?
 
Possesses the base uracil
 
Contains deoxyribose
 
Is made up of 2 strands
 
All of the above
PCR is a technique used for what?
 
The amplification of DNA in vitro
 
The amplification of DNA in vivo
 
The amplification of DNA in limbo
 
The amplification of DNA in livin la vida loca
Fragments of DNA which have been replicated discontinuously are joined together using what?
 
Ligase
 
DNA polymerase
 
Restriction endonuclease
 
Protease
Why can both strands of DNA not be replicated continuously?
 
DNA nucleotides can only be added in a 5’ to 3’ direction
 
There is not enough space for both strands to be copied
 
The DNA polymerase can only act on one strand at a time
 
DNA nucleotides can only be added in a 3’ to 5’ direction
Which of these enzymes is required for DNA replication?
 
Ligase
 
Restriction endonuclease
 
Dehydrogenase
 
Amylase
What are DNA nucleotides made up of?
 
A deoxyribose sugar, phosphate and base
 
A ribose sugar, phosphate and base
 
A deoxyribose sugar, phosphate and ATP
 
A ribose sugar, phosphate and ATP
The two strands of DNA are held together by which kind of bonds?
 
Hydrogen
 
Phosphate
 
Strong chemical
 
Peptide
What are the DNA base pairing rules?
 
Adenine to Thymine, Cytosine to Guanine
 
Adenine to Guanine, Cytosine to Thymine
 
Adenine to Cytosine, Thymine to Guanine
 
Adenine to Uracil, Cytosine to Guanine
What is the name for the basic units which make up strands of DNA?
 
Nucleotides
 
Phosphates
 
Bases
 
Sugars
Which of the following is true of meristems?
 
Unspecialised plant cells
 
Specialised animal cells
 
Unspecialised animal cells
 
Specialised plant cells
Which type of mutation would affect only one amino acid in the polypeptide produced?
 
Substitution
 
Insertion
 
Deletion
 
All of the above
The main components of a ribosome are:
 
rRNA and protein
 
mRNA and tRNA
 
mRNA and rRNA
 
mRNA and protein
The genetic material in human mitochondria is arranged as:
 
Circular chromosomes
 
Linear chromosomes
 
Circular plasmids
 
Linear plasmids
1000 DNA fragments are present at the start of a 5 min PCR cycle. How many after 20 min?
 
16000
 
4000
 
8000
 
32000
Which of the following are required in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?
 
DNA polymerase, template strand and primers
 
DNA polymerase, template strand and ligase
 
RNA polymerase, template strand and primers
 
RNA polymerase, ligase and primers
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