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DNA sugar
deoxyribose
A visual depiction of the number, size and shape of chromosomes found in a cell of an organism.
karyotype
Chromosomes with similar length, similar positions of centromeres, and similar loci (locations of genes).
homolgous chromosomes
A pair of nucleotides - either adenine-thymine linked together, or guanine-cytosine linked together.
nitrogen base pair
The basic unit that makes up DNA. Consists of a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
nucleotide
sex cell formed in the female reproductive organs that contains half the number of chromosomes as body cells.
egg cell
sex cell formed in the male reproductive organs that contains half the number of chromosomes as body cells
sperm
A chart that shows all possible combinations of alleles.
punnett square
Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
autosome or somatic
aa x AA
0% AA, 100% Aa, 0% aa
AA x Aa
50% AA, 50% Aa, 0% aa
Aa x Aa
25% AA, 50% Aa, 25% aa
XX is what gender?
female
All nucleotides contain which of the following?
sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
the passing of traits from parents to offspring
heredity
trace phenotypes in families and reveal modes of inheritance.
pedigree
unites gametes and restores the diploid number producing the first cell of the next generation
fertilization
Cell division that halves the number of chromosomes when forming sex cells
meiosis
Cell division where the chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus.
mitosis
a cell containing only one set of chromosomes - gametes
haploid
A cell containing both sets of chromosomes
diploid
Coiled chromatin, 46 are found in human body cells
chromosome
when traits are determined by alleles on the sex chromosomes
sex-linked
both alleles of a gene are present in the phenotype
codominance
A blended phenotype. One allele is not completely dominant over the other
incomplete dominance
The physical traits that appear in an individual as a result of its genotype
phenotype
An organisms genetic makeup, or allele combinations
genotype
Having two different alleles for a trait
heterozygous
Having two identical alleles for a trait
homozygous
An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present
recessive allele
An allele whose trait always shows up in the organisms when the allele is present
Dominant allele
The different forms of a gene
Allele
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