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Genetics review

Study Slideshow

The different forms of a gene

Allele

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An allele whose trait always shows up in the organisms when the allele is present

Dominant allele

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An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present

recessive allele

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Having two identical alleles for a trait

homozygous

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Having two different alleles for a trait

heterozygous

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An organisms genetic makeup, or allele combinations

genotype

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The physical traits that appear in an individual as a result of its genotype

phenotype

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A blended phenotype. One allele is not completely dominant over the other

incomplete dominance

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both alleles of a gene are present in the phenotype

codominance

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when traits are determined by alleles on the sex chromosomes

sex-linked

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Coiled chromatin, 46 are found in human body cells

chromosome

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A cell containing both sets of chromosomes

diploid

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a cell containing only one set of chromosomes - gametes

haploid

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Cell division where the chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus.

mitosis

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Cell division that halves the number of chromosomes when forming sex cells

meiosis

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unites gametes and restores the diploid number producing the first cell of the next generation

fertilization

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