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What is TRANSLATION?
This is when the RNA is converted into a sequence of amino acids that makes up the protein.
What is TRANSCRIPTION?
This is when the cell makes a copy of the DNA. (called RNA)
What is RNA (mRNA)?
partial copies of DNA
What's the function of RIBOSOMES?
they build protein, read DNA codes (3 letters at a time), stick amino acids together to form new chains
What did Rosalind Franklin do?
She obtained a crystal of DNA molecules and analysed it using Xrays.
Who are James Watson and Francis Crick?
the scientist who came up with a double helix DNA model
What is Down's syndrom (trisomy 21) caused by?
An extra chromosome (in the 21st set)
Which chromosomes do males have in there cells? (XX or XY)
XY
How many PAIRS of chromosomes do humans have?
23
DNA strands fold into paired packages called ...
chromosomes
An important property of DNA is that it can ___
replicate
The base CYTOSINE can only pair with...
guanine
The base ADENINE can only pair with...
thymine
Nucleotides assemble in chains through a ____ backbone.
sugar-phosphate
What is the structure of DNA filaments called?
a double helix structure
What determines the information to build and maintain an organism?
the order of the bases in nucleotides
What are the types of bases in a nucleotide?
adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine.
What three things are nucleotides composed of?
a phosphate group, a sugar and a nitrogen base.
What are NUCLEOTIDES?
Information stored in DNA as a code made up of four types of molecules
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Where is DNA found in a cell?
In the NUCLEUS of every eukaryotic cell.
What is DNA (how can we define it?)
an instruction manual for how to build life / a molecular blueprint for a living thing
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