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What was the significance of the battles of Lexington and Concord in 1775?
These were the first military engagements of the American Revolution, marking the start of open conflict between the colonies and Britain.
How did the slogan “No Taxation Without Representation” reflect colonial grievances?
Colonists argued they should not be taxed by Parliament without having representatives in it, emphasizing the lack of political voice.
What role did the First Continental Congress play in uniting the colonies?
It brought together representatives from 12 colonies to coordinate a response to British policies, marking a unified colonial effort.
What were the Coercive (Intolerable) Acts, and how did they impact the colonies?
Known as the Intolerable Acts, they were punitive laws passed after the Boston Tea Party, closing Boston Harbor and limiting colonial self-government
What happened at the Boston Tea Party in 1773?
American colonists, protesting the Tea Act, dumped 342 chests of British tea into Boston Harbor as an act of defiance.
What was the significance of the Townshend Acts?
They imposed taxes on imported goods like paper, glass, and tea, further angering colonists and fueling protests.
How did the Boston Massacre influence colonial attitudes toward Britain?
It intensified anti-British sentiments, as colonists viewed the killing of five colonists by British soldiers as an act of tyranny.
What did the Stamp Act of 1765 require colonists to do?
Pay a tax on all printed materials, including newspapers, legal documents, and playing cards.
What was the purpose of the Proclamation of 1763?
It restricted colonial expansion west of the Appalachian Mountains to prevent conflicts with Native Americans.
Why was Pennsylvania considered a "holy experiment" under William Penn?
It was founded by Quakers as a place of religious tolerance and equality, welcoming settlers from various faiths.
Which colony was founded as a haven for religious freedom by the Pilgrims?
Plymouth Colony (in modern-day Massachusetts).
What was mercantilism, and how did it affect the colonial economy?
Economic theory where colonies existed to benefit the mother country (Britain), leading to restrictions on trade and the exploitation of colonies
How did the Atlantic Slave Trade impact the American colonies?
It provided a labor force for plantations, especially in the Southern Colonies, significantly contributing to the economy.
What was the purpose of the Virginia House of Burgesses?
It was the first legislative assembly in the American colonies, giving settlers a voice in local government.
How did geography influence the economy of the Southern Colonies?
The warm climate and fertile soil allowed for the cultivation of cash crops, leading to plantation agriculture.
What was the significance of the Mayflower Compact?
It was the first self-governing agreement in the American colonies, establishing a government based on majority rule.
What was the role of indentured servitude in the colonies?
Indentured servants worked for a period (usually 4-7 years) in exchange for passage to the colonies, often on farms or in households.
What was the primary cash crop in the Southern Colonies?
Tobacco, along with rice and indigo.
Which colonies made up the Middle Colonies?
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware.
What economic activities dominated the New England colonies?
Shipbuilding, fishing, lumber, and small-scale subsistence farming.
What were the three main regions of the original 13 colonies?
New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies