DMS 281 OB Pathology Review | Baamboozle - Baamboozle

what is prune belly syndrome

agenesis of the abdominal wall musculature causing severe distention (greater than PUV)

what is urethral atresia

bladder distention in FEMALES

who and what is the key hole appearance associated with

males ONLY and PUV (posterior urethral valve obstruction)

what is UVJ associated with

dilated renal pelvis AND ureter (megaureter)

what is the most common reason for hydronephrosis

UPJ obstruction

what is the most common fetal anomaly

hydronephrosis

what measurement indicates hydronephrosis

>7mm AP dimension after 28 weeks

how would adult polycystic kidney disease appear on ultrasound (OB)

kidneys typically appear normal in utero and neonatal, with manifestation not occurring until 3rd or 4th decade of adulthood

how would multicystic dysplastic kidney disease appear on ultrasound

unilateral (usually BUT can be bilateral), renal tissue displaced by various sized cysts normal fluid level... IF BILATERAL: oligohydramnios and fatal

how would infantile polycystic kidney disease appear on ultrasound

bilaterally enlarged echogenic kidneys after 24 weeks, NO visible cysts, oligohydramnios, and may not be able to see bladder

TRUE OR FALSE: infantile polycystic kidney disease is always bilateral

TRUE

bilateral renal agenesis may result in:

severe oligohydramnios, small thorax, pulmonary hypoplasia, dolicocephaly

in unilateral renal agenesis, what will the size of remaining kidney most likely be

the size of the signl kidney may be larger to compensate

what is hydrops

collection of fluid in 2 or more spaces

what is meconium ileus

dilated bowel loops containing thick meconium (poop)

what is meconium ileus associated with

cystic fibrosis

what is hirschsprung's disease

innervation of the large intestine resulting in megacolon

which condition is duodenal atresia associated with

trisomy 21

what is duodenal atresia

malformation of the duodenum creating an obstruction of the passage of amniotic fluid

which condition is associated with the double bubble sign

duodenal atresia

what is a cleft palate associated with

small stomach and/or polyhydramnios from not swallowing amniotic fluid

when should suspicion for esophageal atresia arise

when the stomach is persistently not seen after 19 weeks (should be seen around 14-15 weeks)

what is the most common type of esophageal etresia

distal tracheoesophageal fistula

what is beckwith-weidemann syndrome characterized by

large organs

what is amniotic band syndrome

rupture of the amnion allowing fetal anatomy to become entrapped to the sticky chorion

what can amniotic band syndrome lead to

malformations and amputations of limbs

what is pentalogy of cantrell almost always associated with

limb reduction anomalies

what are the five anomalies of pentalogy of cantrell

omphalocele & ectopic heart (most common 2), defect in the lower sternum, anterior diaphragm, and diaphragmatic pericardium

what is useful when imaging hypospadius

color Doppler to look for urine flow

what is hypospadius

an abnormal opening of the penis on the under side rather than at the tip

what is gastroschisis

an opening typically to the right of the umbilical cord insertion in the layers of the abdominal wall allowing protrusion of the intestines, no covering!!!

what is an omphalocele

weakness of the abdominal musculature & skin resulting in a herniation of the abdominal contents into the base of the umbilical cord, covered by a membrane

which type of CCAM has a more favorable outcome

type 1 (large dominant cyst 3-10cm replaces lung tissue)

what is CCAM

abnormal overgrowth of bronchial tissue and lack of normal alveoli, typically in the lower lobes, there are 3 types

what does CCAM stand for

cystic adenomatoid malformation

what is BPS

a mass of nonfunctioning lung tissue that does not communicate with the bronchial tree, has a feeder vessel so color Doppler is important

what does BPS stand for

bronchopulmonary sequestration

what is a typical cause of pulmonary hypoplasia

oligohydramnios

what is a reduction in lung volume

pulmonary hypoplasia

what type of hydrocephalus is due to obstruction within the ventricular system often between the 3rd and 4th ventricle (stenosis of the aqueduct of sylvius)

non-communicating hydrocephalus

which type of hydrocephalus is due to overproduction OR under absorption of CSF

communicating hydrocephalus

what ventricle measurement is considered ventriculomegaly

dilation >10 mm (1cm)

what is a theorized cause of hydranencephaly

results from insult or bilateral occlusion of the fetal internal arteries OR from congenital infection

which condition involves a fluid filled head replacing the cerebral hemispheres

hydranencephaly

which condition results in 1 common large monoventricle and has 3 forms

holoprosencephaly

what is associated with the absence or abnormally shaped CSP

agenesis of corpus collosum

what is Arnold Chiari associated with

spina bifida

what is downward displacement of the 4th ventricle into the cervical canal resulting in an obliterated/small cisterna magna measurement and banana shaped cerebellum

Arnold Chiari Malformation

which condition involves a large 4th ventricle cyst seen in the posterior fossa replacing the cerebellum due to agenesis of the vermis, increases the cisterna magna measurement, and results in hydrocephalus of 3rd & lateral ventricles

Dandy Walker Malformation

which condition is associated with frog-like bulging eyes

anenecephaly

what is more common: anencephaly or acrania?

anencephaly is the most common neural tube defect whereas acrania is very rare

how is anencephaly different from acrania

anencephaly is the absence of the skull AND brain tissue (brain stem still present) whereas acrania is the absence of the skull WITH presence of brain tissue