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8th Grade Biology Review for Partial Exam 2
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What is "exocytosis"?
How materials exit the cells.
What happens when you put a cell in a cell in a hypertonic solution?
The water diffuses out of the cell, causing the cell to shrivel.
Describe passive transport.
A process that does not require energy to move molecules from a HIGH to LOW concentration
A solution has a pH of 3, what does that mean?
It is acidic
What is it called when hormones released into the bloodstream affect distant target cells.
Endocrine Signaling
What are the 2 types of cell signaling? What are they?
Intercellular signaling - Communication outside of cells Intracellular signaling - Communication within a cell
What is the name of the "message" in cell signaling?
Ligand
What is homeostasis?
Maintaining a stable internal environment
Why is chemical signaling important?
To maintain homeostasis
What structure are formed by putting numerous cells together?
Tissue
Who was he? British scientist who observed cork cells under a microscope. Coined the term "cell" to describe the small compartments he observed. Published his findings in the book "Micrographia"
Robert Hooke
Who was he? German physician and pathologist. Proposed that cells arise from pre-existing cells, completing cell theory. Introduced the concept of cellular pathology.
Rudolf Virchow
Name all 3 key components of cell theory
All living things are made of cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function. Cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Name 5 of the 7 characteristics shared by all living things.
Complex organization based on DNA One or more cells Response to environment Reproduction Growth and development Mutations and evolution Metabolism
What 4 molecules are the "building blocks" of life?
proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids
Describe Binary Fission
Binary fission is prokaryotic reproduction in bacteria, where a bacteria grows and splits to form two genetically identical bacteria cells.
What is the name of the organelle in a prokaryote where the genetic material is stored?
Nucleoid
What is the cytoplasm?
Semi-fluid, “jelly-like” structure inside the plasma membrane. Cell parts “float inside the cytoplasm
What 3 organelles make up the cell envelope?
Capsule, cell wall, and cell membrane
A prokaryotic cell with the name Staphylo is...?
Clustered together in bunches
a prokaryotic cell with the name Bacilli is...?
Rod shaped/ elongated
Describe what a prokaryotic cell is.
Prokaryotes are the first cells to form and are the oldest and simplest cells on earth
What is the function of a chloroplast?
Absorbs sunlight and produce/store glucose
What are the 4 major types of cells and are they prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Bacterium- prokaryotic, Protists- eukaryotic, Animal- eukaryotic, Plant- eukaryotic
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