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Psychology Research Vocab
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when neither researchers nor participants are aware of who's in the experimental or control group
Double Blind
Blind Experiment
An experiment in which the subjects do not know whether they are members of the experimental group or the control group.
In an experiment, the group that is not exposed to the treatment; contrasts with the experimental group and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment.
Control Group
Experimental Group
In an experiment, the group that is exposed to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable.
Dependent Variable
The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable.
Independent Variable
The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.
Diffusion of Responsibility
reduction in sense of responsibility often felt by individuals in a group; may be responsible for the bystander effect
the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present
Bystander Effect
a descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
Case Study
A particular preference or point of view that is personal, rather than scientific.
Bias
a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group
Survey
tendency of observers to see what they expect to see
Observer Bias
Naturalistic Observation
observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation
Causation
A cause and effect relationship in which one variable controls the changes in another variable.
Correlation
A measure of the relationship between two variables
Confirmation Bias
a tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions
Placebo
a fake drug used in the testing of medication
Confounding Variables
a factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment
Theory
A hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of data
Replicate
to repeat, to copy, or to duplicate
Validity
the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to
Reliablility
consistency of measurement
Hypothesis
A testable prediction
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