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Hypothesis
A testable prediction
Reliablility
consistency of measurement
Validity
the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to
Replicate
to repeat, to copy, or to duplicate
Theory
A hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of data
Confounding Variables
a factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment
Placebo
a fake drug used in the testing of medication
Confirmation Bias
a tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions
Correlation
A measure of the relationship between two variables
Causation
A cause and effect relationship in which one variable controls the changes in another variable.
Naturalistic Observation
observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation
tendency of observers to see what they expect to see
Observer Bias
a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group
Survey
A particular preference or point of view that is personal, rather than scientific.
Bias
a descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
Case Study
the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present
Bystander Effect
