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Bridges introduction
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How old is this dog?
2 1/2
How old is this dog?
1 1/2
What is this dog's name?
Roomba
What is this dog's name?
Maple
How many dogs does Ms Shaw have?
2
What is a caisson?
permanent watertight structure
Why was cast iron able to be made?
Development of blast furnace
What was the first metal to be used in bridges?
Cast iron
Why was wood used to build bridges over moats and small streams? 3 reasons
Plentiful, easy to work and join, high specific strength, low mass
Why do stone bridges not need to be held into place?
Weight of the stone
What were the first bridges over water made from?
Boats joined together
What were the first bridges made out of?
logs and vines
What does functionally obsolete mean?
the bridge does not meet design standards that are in line with current practice.
What does structurally obsolete mean?
one or more of the key bridge elements is considered to be in “poor” or worse condition
What is the difference between a cable stayed and a suspension bridge?
support the load of the roadway in very different ways
What were early cables for suspension bridges made from?
Twisted grass
Describe the 2 types of forces shown
Compression - top is squashed, tension - bottom is pulled
What is this type of bridge?
Beam
What are the 4 components of concrete?
Cement, sand, stone, and water
What is this type of bridge?
Arch
What are the end parts of an arch bridge called?
Abutments
What type of force are arch bridges under?
Compression
Why are arch bridges good?
great natural strength. Instead of pushing straight down, the weight of an arch bridge is carried outward along the curve of the arch to the supports at the end
What is this type of bridge?
Arch
What is this type of bridge?
Cable stayed
What is this type of bridge?
Suspension
What is the advantage of an orthotropic beam?
resist stress in multiple directions at once. They vary in cross-section and may be open or closed shapes.
Why are the ends of this girder haunched?
increasing a girder's load capacity while minimizing its web depth is to add haunches at the supported ends.
Why are pony end sections needed?
The pony end section shows knee braces which prevent deflection where the girders and deck meet.
Where would you travel?
traffic travels on top of the main structure
Where would you travel?
traffic travels between parallel superstructures which are not cross-braced at the top
Where would you travel?
traffic travels through the superstructure (usually a truss) which is cross-braced above and below the traffic.
Deck, pony and through trusses are different because of what?
Where the traffic travels
Describe the span
Cantilever with suspended span
Describe the span
Cantilever
Describe the span
Continous
Describe the span
Simple
What are the four main factors that are used when describing a bridge?
Span, material, placement of travel surface and form
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