PRAXIS Study | Baamboozle - Baamboozle | The Most Fun Classroom Games!

Variegated (nonreduplicated) babbling stage:

8 months-1 year

6-8 months

4-6 months

Reduplicated babbling stage:

6-8 months

4-6 months

8 months-1 year

Expansion stage:

4-6 months

6-8 months

8 months-1 year

Cooing/gooing stage:

2-4 months

birth-1 month

4-6 months

6-8 months

Phonation Stage:

birth-1 month

2-4 months

4-6 months

6-8 months

The articulation therapy approach that emphasizes the syllable as the basic unit of speech production and heavily uses the concept of phonetic environment is:

McDonald's sensorimotor approach

Van Riper's traditional approach

the maximal contrast approach

McCabe and Bradley's multiple phoneme approach

The therapy technique of "phonetic placement" is used to teach or establish:

production of a phoneme in isolation

stimulability

auditory discrimination

minimal pair contrasts

In Oller's stages of infant phonological development, reduplicated babbling precedes:

nonreduplicated or variegated babbling

explansion

cooing

reduplicated expansion

Prenatal/natal complications, chronic middle ear infections, and family history place involve what type of risk for developing a language disorder?

at-risk

established risk

Congenital malformations, genetic syndromes, and severe infectious diseases involve what type of risk for developing a language disorder?

established risk

at risk

Type-token ratio (TTR) assesses which of the following?

semantic skills

morphological skills

phonological skills

syntactical skills

Which of following counts as 1 morpheme?

choo-choo

swims

writing

uh

Which of the following counts as 2 morphemes?

Mommy's

birthday

kitty

um okay

The prevalence of FASD is:

1 out of every 500-600 babies

1 out of every 100-200 babies

1 out of every 800-900 babies

1 out of every 1000-1200 babies

True or False?: The factor most highly related to SES status is the mother's educational level.

True

False

Which type of CP is the most common type (making up 61-77% of all cases)?

Spastic CP

Athetoid CP

Ataxic CP

Which of the following types of CP involves increased tone/rigidity of muscles, as well as stiff, abrupt, slow movements?

Spastic CP

Athetoid CP

Ataxic CP

Which of the following types of CP is characterized by slow, writhing, involuntary movements?

Athetoid CP

Spastic CP

Ataxic CP

Which of the following types of CP involves disturbed balance, awkward gait, and uncoordinated movements?

Ataxic CP

Athetoid CP

Spastic CP

Hemiplegia means:

one side of the body is paralyzed

only one limb is paralyzed

only the legs are paralyzed

either the two legs or two arms are paralyzed

The SCERTS model emphasizes the importance of all of the following EXCEPT:

increased auditory cues

social communication

emotional regulation

transactional supports

The estimated prevalence of children with ASD is:

1 in 68

1 in 26

1 in 79

1 in 111

ASD is most commonly manifested by the following EXCEPT:

deficits in stereotypic language

deficits social-emotional reciprocity

deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors

deficits in developing relationships

"Man go store" is an example of deficits in what area?

Morphology

Phonology

Syntax

Semantics

True or False?: The language of children with Intellectual Disability (ID) is delayed rather than deviant.

True

False

Morphological problems include omissions of which of the following?

comparatives and superlatives

turn taking

task shifting

An example of overextension would be:

calling all adult males "Daddy"

calling only the family pet "dog" and not other dogs

Today most experts believe that the neurological underpinnings of language impairment have been identified in which areas of the brain?

Heschl's gyrus & asymmetrical planum temporal

Inferior parietal lobule & angular gyrus

central sulcus & inferior frontal sulcus

True or False?: The sequence of language development in children with SLI is the same as that of a typically developing children.

True

False

True or False?: Children with SLI have a known etiology or associated condition, such as sensorimotor problems, ID, or neurological impairment.

False

True

True or False?: SLI is not secondary to other developmental disabilities.

True

False

About what percentage of kindergarten children exhibit SLI?

7-8%

2-3%

10-11%

4-5%

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for language disorders in children?

overly interested in social play

failure to respond when asked to point to body parts

failure to follow simple instructions

reduced use of gestures OR only through gestures

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for language disorders in children:

antinatal conditions

perinatal conditions

neonatal conditions

prenatal conditions

"A significant deficiency in the quantity of language learned and understood" fits into which category?

limited amount of language

deficient grammar

deficient literacy skills

inadequate social communication

"Big doggy" =

attribution

denial

action

locative

Understands up to 10 words, first true word, obeys some verbal commands, gives objects upon requests:

10-12 months

birth-3 months

4-6 months

7-9 months

Comprehends "no", imitates intonation and speech sounds, variegated babbling, beginning of object permanence:

7-9 months

birth-3 months

4-6 months

10-12 months

Marginal babbling, adult-like vowels, responds to name, vocal play:

4-6 months

birth-3 months

7-9 months

10-12 months

Visually tracks, startle response, smiles reflexively:

Birth-3 months

4-6 months

10-12 months

7-9 months

Most children produce __ words by 18 months:

50

20

100

150

Signaling to carry out some socially organized action, such as pointing and laughing:

illocutionary

perlocutionary

locutionary

Behavior in which "signals" have an effect on the listener or observer but lack communicative intent:

perlocutionary

illocutionary

locutionary

Which of the following is NOT a function of language?

fast-mapping

labeling

protesting

commenting

The subject receives the action of the verb in:

passive sentences

active sentences

exclamatory sentences

Syntax is the study of ___ ____.

sentence structure

Present progressive morpheme:

-ing

-s

-ed

-'s

A ___ is the smallest meaningful unit of a language.

morpheme

allophone

allomorph

phoneme

Morphology is the study of ___ ____.

Word structure

Intensity of normal conversational speech varies between __ dB and __ dB SPL.

50 dB and 70 dB SPL

___ is the bending of the sound wave due to change in its speed of propagation:

refraction

____ is the magnitude and direction of displacement:

amplitude

____ is the auditory sensation of the frequency with which the vocal folds vibrate:

pitch

___ refers to the speed of speech

rate

____ are produced with the least oral cavity restriction of all the consonants:

liquids

glides

nasals

fricatives

___ are produced by a quick transition of the articulators as they move from a partially constricted state to a more open state for the vowels that follow them:

glides

stops

liquids

affricates

____ have both a fricative and stop quality:

affricates

liquids

nasals

glides

____ result from the continuous forcing of air through a narrow constriction:

fricatives

affricates

liquids

nasals

____ are produced by lowering the velum to keep the vp port open:

nasals

fricatives

affricates

glides

We are linguavelar sounds:

g, k, ng

____ are high-frequency sounds that have longer duration and more stridency than most other consonants.

sibilants

approximants

obstruents

syllabics

Which of the following do obstruents NOT include:

nasals

affricates

fricatives

stops

We are "coronal" sounds (tongue blade is raised above the neutral schwa):

/r, l, n, s, z, t, d, ch, sh, th/

/m, n, p, b/

/k, g, f, v, w/

/h, w, f, v, k, g, j/

I'm the only "lateral" sound:

/l/

/s/

/t/

/r/

____ sounds include all vowels and /r, l/.

Vocalic

Lateral

Consonantal

Nasal

I'm the only "low" consonant:

/h/

/n/

/w/

/r/

_____ contains a set of linguistic descriptions of the world's speech sounds:

Distinctive Feature Analysis

Place-Voice-Manner Analysis

~ ABOVE a phoneme is a diacritic for:

nasalized

lateralized

voiced

dental

~ under a phoneme is a diacritic for:

creaky

syllabic

more rounded

laminal

.. under a phoneme is a diacritic for:

breathy

palatalized

velarized

lowered

_ under a phoneme is a diacritic for:

retracted

nasalized

raised

voiced

___ phonetic transcription is important when assessing speakers with cleft palate, severe phonological disorders, or a hearing loss.

narrow

broad

international

specific

____ refers to the study and explanation of the unique sound properties of various dialects and languages.

Descriptive phonetics

Applied phonetics

Experimental phonetics

Auditory phonetics

____ is the study of hearing, perception, and the brain's processing of speech.

Auditory phonetics

Acoustic phonetics

Applied phonetics

Experimental phonetics

_____ examines the relationship between articulation and the acoustic signal of speech.

Acoustic phonetics

Auditory phonetics

Physiological phonetics

Descriptive phonetics

___ refers to the abstract system of sounds; ___ refers to concrete productions of specific sounds.

phonemic; phonetic

phonetic; phonemic

______ are variations of phonemes:

Allophones

Phonology is the scientific study of:

the sound system and patterns used to create the sounds and words of a language

Phonetics is the study of:

speech sounds and their production and perception in terms of their articulatory and physical characteristics

The lowest frequency of a periodic wave is also known as:

the fundamental frequency or 1st harmonic

the fundamental frequency or 2nd harmonic

the formant frequency or 1st harmonic

the first octave or the fundamental frequency

An octave is:

an indication of interval between 2 frequencies

a measure of the magnitude

the unit of measure for frequency

the amount of molecular displacement per unit of time

The two properties of a medium that affect sound transmission are:

mass & elasticity

compression & rarefaction

amplitude & intensity

pressure & force

A semivowel that can be categorized as a voiced bilabial glide that is +anterior and +continuant is the:

/w/

/j/

/r/

/h/

The /r/ and /l/ sounds may both be categorized as:

liquids

rhotics

glides

laterals

I connect areas of the brain within a hemisphere:

association fibers

commissural fibers

projection fibers

I create connections between the cortex and subcortical structures like the cerebellum, basal ganglia, brainstem, and spinal cord:

projection fibers

association fibers

commissural fibers

Which is NOT a type of nerve fiber of the medullary center:

information

projection

association

commissural

I'm responsible for carrying the impulses that control voluntary fine motor movements:

extrapyramidal system

pyramidal system

I'm the direct motor activation pathway that is primarily responsible for facilitating voluntary movement (including speech):

pyramidal system

extrapyramidal system

Lesions to me can result in unusual body postures, dysarthria, changes in body tone, and involuntary and uncontrolled movements:

basal ganglia

cerebrum

thalamus

hypothalamus

I receive information about motor impulses from the cerebellum and the basal ganglia and relay this information to the motor areas of the cerebral cortex; I'm critical for maintenance of consciousness

thalamus

cerebellum

reticular activating system

globus pallidus

I'm important for maintaining states of consciousness, such as sleep, drowsiness, alertness, and excitement

Reticular Activating System

Diencephalon

Basal Ganglia

Cerebellum

I'm very important for speech because I contain descending fibers that transmit motor information to several CN nuclei:

medulla

spinal cord

pons

midbrain

I transmit information relative to movement from the cerebral hemispheres to the cerebellum; I'm involved with hearing and balance:

pons

midbrain

medulla

spinal cord

I help connect the brainstem and the cerebellum; I control many motor/sensory functions (postural/visual reflexes, eye movements, & head movements)

midbrain

pons

medulla

spinal cord

I have sensory branches to the mandible, lower teeth, lower lip, tongue, part of the cheek, and external ear:

mandibular branch

maxillary branch

ophthalmic branch

I have sensory branches to the upper lip, maxilla, upper cheek area, upper teeth, maxillary sinus, and palate:

maxillary branch

ophthalmic branch

mandibular branch

I have sensory branches to the nose, eyes, and forehead:

ophthalmic branch

maxillary branch

mandibular branch

The PNS contains 3 types of nerves. Which is not one of those 3?

central

cranial

spinal

autonomic

I'm the most common type of neuron in the nervous system; I link neurons with other neurons and play an important role in controlling movement:

interneurons

motor neurons

sensory neurons

I mainly support and protect the nerve cells; I do not transmit nerve impulses:

glia cells

interneurons

cranial nerves

motor neurons

I'm the largest area of the tongue that lies in contact with both the hard and soft palates:

dorsum

root

tip

blade

I'm the small region adjacent to the tip; in resting position, I lie just inferior to the alveolar ridge:

blade

dorsum

root

lingual frenulum

I'm the thinnest and most flexible part of the tongue and play an important role in articulation:

tip

blade

dorsum

root

Which is NOT a segment of the pharyngeal cavity?

mesopharynx

laryngopharynx

oropharynx

nasopharynx

I supply all sensory information below the vocal folds. Who am I?

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Superior laryngeal nerve

I provide all sensory information to the larynx and motor innervation solely to the cricothyroid muscle. Who am I?

Superior laryngeal nerve

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Which of the following is NOT a primary cortical area involved in speech-motor control?

area 22 (Wernicke's)

area 44 (Broca's)

area 4 (primary motor cortex)

area 6 (supplementary motor cortex)

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the vocal folds?

ventricular folds

epithelium

lamina propria

vocalis muscle

Which is NOT a biological function of the larynx?

phonation for speech

closure of the trachea to protect lungs

production of cough to clear airway

closure of VFs to build subglottic pressure

The 11 paired INTERNAL intercostals ______:

pull ribs downward

raise ribs up and out

The 11 paired EXTERNAL intercostals ______:

raise ribs up and out

pull ribs downward

When a person is producing voiced and voiceless /th/, the muscle that is most involved is:

genioglossus

styloglossus

buccinator

palatopharyngeus

I'm the cranial nerve that innervates the larynx and also the levator veli palatini, palatoglossus, and palatopharyngeus muscles. Who am I?

X: Vagus

XI: Spinal Accessory

XII: Hypoglossal

V: Trigeminal

I extend from the tips of the arytenoid cartilages to the larynx, separate the laryngeal vestibule from the pharynx, and preserve the airway. Who am I?

Aryepiglottic folds

True vocal folds

Lamina propina

Ventricular folds

The ACA supplies blood to the:

corpus callosum and basal ganglia

corpus striatum

substantia negra

caudate nucleus and globus pallidus

The corpus striatum is composed of which three masses:

globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, putamen

putamen, caudate nucleus, basal ganglia

mesencephalon, RAS, caudate nucleus

supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus, globus pallidus

Important structure adjacent to the brainstem, contains hypothalamus/thalamus:

diencephalon

mesencephalon

postcentral gyrus

superior cerebral peduncle

The neurons that transmit information away from the brain are called:

efferent neurons

afferent neurons

peripheral neurons

primary neurons

Most pharyngeal muscles are innervated by cranial nerves:

IX, X

VIII, X

X, XI

XI, XII