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Name some thermal conductors.
Metals: aluminum, copper, iron and others
Name three thermal insulators.
polystyrene - wood - plastic - cotton - cork - rubber
What is an insulator?
A material that doesn't allow the transfer of heat.
What is a conductor?
A material that allows the transfer of heat.
Can you heat a solid by using convection? Explain.
No, because convection only works in substances that can flow: liquids and gases.
What happens to the temperature of a substance or object when its particles start moving faster?
Its temperature starts rising.
The transfer of thermal energy by the circulation of a liquid or gas is called...
...convection.
The direct transfer of heat from one substance to another substance that is touching is referred to as...
... conduction
Heat transfers from __________ to __________ objects.
Heat transfers from warm to cold objects.
What do you use to measure temperature?
A thermometer.
What is temperature?
The measure of how hot something is.
What am I? I have a fixed mass, a fixed volume, I cannot be squashed and I have a shape that changes to fit the bottom of my container?
A liquid.
What will happen to an inflated balloon if you put it in the freezer?
The particles will start moving slower and they will go closer together, so the balloon will lose volume.
What happens to the particles of a solid when you freeze it?
They start moving slower.
Food coloring spreads out faster in hot water than in cold water because...
... particles in hot water move faster than in cold water.
True or false? You can change a solid into a liquid by freezing it. If false, say the right answer.
False. This change is called melting.
What state of matter has a fixed shape?
Solids
Describe solid molecules in terms of particle arrangement.
Particles are tightly packed. Strong force of attraction. Little space between the particles. Molecules move in their fixed position.
Describe liquid molecules in terms of particle arrangement.
Molecules are loosely packed. Weak force of attraction. More space between particles. Molecules in contact and slide over each other.
Describe gas molecules in terms of particle arrangement.
Molecules are very loosely packed. Very weak force of attraction. Big space between particles. Particles move in all directions.
Identify 2 properties of a gas and provide reasons for these properties.
It can flow, it can be compressed.
Identify 2 properties of a liquid and provide reasons for these properties.
It can flow and it takes the shape of its container. This is because the particles move freely sliding past each other.
Which state of matter can be easily compressed?
Gas
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, liquid and gas.
Name the change in state when a solid turns into gas without passing by the liquid phase.
Sublimation
What happens to the movement of particles when a substance is heated.
The particles start moving faster and, because of this, its temperature rises.
Which two states of matter have the ability to flow?
Liquid and gas
Name the change in state when a gas turns into a liquid
Condensation
Use the particle theory to explain why the shape of a piece of metal in its solid state doesn't change when you press it hard?
Because its particles are packed so tightly together that it is impossible to bend metal without a special machine.
What is temperature?
Temperature is the measurement of the average kinetic Energy of the particles of a body.
What is heat?
Heat is a form of Energy moving from a hotter body to a colder one.
How are the particles arranged in a gas?
They are well separated with no regular arrangement.
How are the particles arranged in a solid?
The particles are packed tightly together in a regular pattern.
How are the particles arranged in a liquid?
They are loosely arranged which means they do not have a fixed shape like solids, but they rather take the shape of the container they are in.
What is radiation?
The flow of heat between objects that are not in contact with each other.
What is convection?
It occurs when heat is transferred by the movement of liquids or gases.
What is conduction?
Transfer of heat between two bodies that are in contact with each other.
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