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What is the golden rule in technical translation?
Never be too proud or embarrassed to ask for help or advice.
What are the problems related to technical translation?
lexical and CONCEPTUAL
a ‘politeness scale’ is useful to determine:
tonal register
"A woman must have a thorough knowledge of music, singing, drawing, dancing, all the modern languages, to deserve the word; and besides all this, she must possess a certain something in her air and manner of walking, the tone of her voice"
Social Register
¡Sentaros!’ instead of ‘¡Sentaos!’ is an example of ...
sociolect
Define: Dialect
syntactic and sentential features that give away information about one’s association with a particular region.
Give an example of HYPONOMY
She had a baby - She had a baby girl
Give an example of HYPERONYMY
‘I bought a boat’ - ‘I bought a yatch’
Define: synonymy in translation
words whose literal meanings are identical in range.
"No text exists in total isolation from other texts" refers to the ....... level
intertextual
What's the difference between cohesion and coherence
too long to type in here: the teacher decides haha
Define: cogency
The degree to which a text hangs together
Define: anaphora
the replacement of previously used words and phrases by elements such as pronouns or adverbs that refer back to them
What is THE DISCOURSE LEVEL?
This level is concerned both with relations between sentences and with relations between larger units: paragraphs, stanzas, chapters, volumes and so on.
When do we Use a semi-colon in English
used to link (in a single sentence) two independent clauses between items in a list or series if any of the items contain commas
Name some differences in punctuation between English and Spanish
the use of colons and semi-colons
‘Where’s the boy, then?’
In this case the word "then" is an example of ...........
What are Illocutionary particles?
Relating to or being the communicative effect (such as commanding or requesting) of an utterance
What is a word system?
a pattern of words having an associative common denominator, a pattern which nurtures the theme and message of the text with greater intensity
What are the types of grammatical arrangement?
the successive patterns whereby words are linked to form phrases the patterns by which complex and compound words are formed
Give examples of iconic and iconically motivated onomatopoeias
Iconic: boom! Iconically motivated: Ronroneo
What is a "foot" in translation? (English prosodic level)
A foot is a conventional group of stressed and/or unstressed syllables occurring in a specific order
Difference between Spanish and English prosodic level?
Whereas a line of modern Spanish verse is defined in terms of a syllable count, lines in English verse are conventionally defined in terms of feet.
What is the prosodic level?
Utterances count as ‘metrically’ structured stretches, within which syllables have varying degrees of prominence
Define phonic/graphic level
Sequence of sound segments (phonemes) if it is an oral text, or as a sequence of letters (graphemes) if it is a written one.
Name The formal properties of texts relevant in translation
PHONIC/GRAPHIC LEVEL, and THE PROSODIC LEVEL
Give an example of Compensation by splitting
A simple example is furnished by the Spanish verb ‘escasear’, which, for literal exactitude, has to be translated as ‘to be in short supply’.
Define: Compensation by merging
to condense ST features carried over a relatively long stretch of text into a relatively short stretch of the TT
Define: Compensation in place
making up for the loss of a particular effect found at a given place in the ST by creating a corresponding effect at an earlier or later place in the TT
Define: Compensation in kind
This refers to making up for one type of textual effect in the ST by another type in the TT.
Name the TYPES OF COMPENSATION
In kind, Compensation in place, Compensation by merging, Compensation by splitting
What does compensation mean in the context of translation?
Techniques of making up for the loss of important ST features through replicating ST effects approximately in the TT by means other than those used in the ST.
Define: Cultural borrowing:
Transfering a ST expression verbatim into the TT.
Define: Cultural transplantation
SL names are replaced by indigenous TL names that are not their referential equivalents but have similar cultural connotations.
Define Calque
Structure of the TL name imitates that of the SL name, but grammatical slots in it are filled with TL units translating the individual meaningful units of SL
Define: Transliteration
conversional conventions are used to alter the phonic/graphic shape of the ST name bringing it more in line with TL patterns of pronunciation and spelling.
Define: cultural transposition
Any degree of departure from a purely literal translation needed to transfer the content of an ST into the context of a target culture
What are cultural issues in translation?
Issues related: Translation proper involves not just a transfer of information between two languages, but a transfer from one culture to another.
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