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4ºESO INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

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  • Define: to put down
    To repress an uprising or a revolt.
  • What do you think were the consequences of the Luddite's destruction of machinery?
    They were brutally punished by the military/ some were exiled to Australia/ some were executed.
  • Who was Robert Owen?
    He was a member of the Utopian Socialists and he proposed workers cooperatives. ( where people would live and work in ideal cities ). 
  • What was "the class struggle"?
    It was thought that each society had an oppressor class and a class that was oppressed.
  • What was the proletariat?
    It was made up of people who worked in factories or mines/ lower classes along with domestic servants and merchants.
  • Define Marx's idea of social revolution:
    The proletariat should take the means of production from the bourgeoisie resulting in a society without an oppressor or an oppressed.
  • What was the bourgeosie and what was significant about them?
    They were the class group that replaced the nobility/ the means of production belonged to them/ business and liberal professions/
  • What is Marxism?
    It was also called scientific socialism which was a scientific study of the economy and society. It wanted to change the mode of production.
  • Who were the Luddites?
    They were  textile workers who destroyed the machines that  they felt were taking away their work.
  • What were the initial causes of the first revolts of the workers?
    Poverty, exploitation and class consciousness caused workers to revolt.
  • What was significant about Henri de Saint-Simon?
    He wanted to promote state ownership of the means of production/ wanted reforms to correct social inequalities.
  • What were the migratory patterns in Spain during this period? And what were the causes of these migrations?
    Internal migration - rural exodus / emigration abroad - because of low standard of living in Spain, family connections and the need for labour.
  • Why did Spain take so long to become industrialised?
    It had a farm based economy/ a poor peasant population/ landownership hindered modernisation.
  • What were the important demographic trends in 19th Century Spain?
    There was a high birth rate and the death rate was decreasing slowly. ( not as quickly as in other zones that were industrialising ). 
  • Who were the authors of "The Communist Manifesto"?
    Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels published their manifesto in 1848.
  • Define: capital
    Wealth in the form of money or other assets.
  • Define Capitalism:
    An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.
  • Define: to struggle
    A forceful or violent effort to get free of restraint or resist attack.
  • Define: to ban something
    To prohibit something.
  • Which political group did Fourier, Owen and Saint-Simon belong to?
    They were intellectual thinkers who believed in Utopian Socialism.
  • Talk about trade unions and why they were formed:
    Strikes were held to improve living and working conditions/ but the government banned them and put them down by the army.
  • What did Charles Fourier believe?
    He was critical of the new industrial society/ promoted communal associations/ inspired a number of utopian communities. 
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