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4ºESO INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
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Who was Robert Owen?
He was a member of the Utopian Socialists and he proposed workers cooperatives. ( where people would live and work in ideal cities ).
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Define: to struggle
A forceful or violent effort to get free of restraint or resist attack.
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What was "the class struggle"?
It was thought that each society had an oppressor class and a class that was oppressed.
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Who were the Luddites?
They were textile workers who destroyed the machines that they felt were taking away their work.
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Define: capital
Wealth in the form of money or other assets.
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Talk about trade unions and why they were formed:
Strikes were held to improve living and working conditions/ but the government banned them and put them down by the army.
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Why did Spain take so long to become industrialised?
It had a farm based economy/ a poor peasant population/ landownership hindered modernisation.
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What is Marxism?
It was also called scientific socialism which was a scientific study of the economy and society. It wanted to change the mode of production.
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What was the bourgeosie and what was significant about them?
They were the class group that replaced the nobility/ the means of production belonged to them/ business and liberal professions/
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What were the important demographic trends in 19th Century Spain?
There was a high birth rate and the death rate was decreasing slowly. ( not as quickly as in other zones that were industrialising ).
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Define Capitalism:
An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.
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What were the initial causes of the first revolts of the workers?
Poverty, exploitation and class consciousness caused workers to revolt.
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What was the proletariat?
It was made up of people who worked in factories or mines/ lower classes along with domestic servants and merchants.
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What did Charles Fourier believe?
He was critical of the new industrial society/ promoted communal associations/ inspired a number of utopian communities.
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What were the migratory patterns in Spain during this period? And what were the causes of these migrations?
Internal migration - rural exodus / emigration abroad - because of low standard of living in Spain, family connections and the need for labour.
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What do you think were the consequences of the Luddite's destruction of machinery?
They were brutally punished by the military/ some were exiled to Australia/ some were executed.
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Define Marx's idea of social revolution:
The proletariat should take the means of production from the bourgeoisie resulting in a society without an oppressor or an oppressed.
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Who were the authors of "The Communist Manifesto"?
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels published their manifesto in 1848.
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Define: to put down
To repress an uprising or a revolt.
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Which political group did Fourier, Owen and Saint-Simon belong to?
They were intellectual thinkers who believed in Utopian Socialism.
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Define: to ban something
To prohibit something.
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What was significant about Henri de Saint-Simon?
He wanted to promote state ownership of the means of production/ wanted reforms to correct social inequalities.
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