Reasons that make migrants want to leave their place of origin (rural areas) such as...
What are the causes of water pollution?
Improper management of household and industrial waste due to inadequate or broken sewerage systems.
What are the causes of air pollution?
Use of coal to generate electricity, high volume of vehicular traffic and emissions from factories
Why is technological innovation possible in cities?
Many skilled people such as researchers, designers, and funding from government and investors.
Describe a built-up area.
Mostly covered by buildings and have extensive infrastructures such as water, electricity and transport.
What are two consequences of air pollution?
Respiratory infection, lung cancer, heart disease and even death. Increased demand for healthcare services
Suggest one strategy that Singapore uses to reduce water pollution
Farms set up drains around their farm plots and water treatment ponds to channel and collect rainwater and excess nutrients. Plants to purify water.
State 3 examples of functions.
administrative, commercial, educational
Using an example, explain how a country manages hazards.
Japan designs and builds earthquake-resistant buildings, eg Mori Tower uses oil-filled shock dampeners.
Define a city.
A city is a defined urban area within a country.
What is the formula to calculate population density?
no. of people living in an area/ land area (km square)
State 4 features of a city.
Large population size, high population density, built-up area and range of functions
Suggest two ways how technological innovation in Singapore helps to address urban heat.
Vegetation, water bodies, building façade, transport or shading
State three strategies to manage physical environment.
Water treatment ponds, laws, cleaner technology
State 2 pull factors of rural-urban migration.
Reasons that attract migrants towards the cities such as...
State 4 challenges that people in cities face.
Water pollution, air pollution, competition for land resource, competition for water resource
What is one impact of competition for land resource?
Replace low-lying buildings with taller ones which can cause unhappiness among existing residents
What are two consequences of water pollution?
Water shortage or threatens human health and aquatic life
Describe one opportunity for people in cities.
Education, employment or technological innovation.
Give one example of technological innovation in Singapore.
Cooler Calmer Singapore
Describe one relationship between cities and rural areas.
Provision of goods and services: Food products from rural areas to cities while rural inhabitants benefit from amenities available in cities. An eg is hospital
Compare cities and rural areas.
In terms of population density, population size, built-up area and range of functions
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