The study of how traits are inherited in offspring
Genetics
A sex cell formed in the male reproductive organs that contains half the number of chromosomes as body cells
sperm
An allele whose trait always shows up in the organisms when the allele is present
dominant allele
True or False: Chromosomes contain genes
True
What is an example of genetic material?
DNA, genes, or chromosomes
This process makes identical body cells to allow organisms to grow and repair tissue. Also used for Asexual reproduction.
Mitosis
True or False: In his genetics experiments with pea plants, Gregor Mendel determined traits were passed down in a random pattern.
False: It is in a predictable pattern
sex A cell formed in the female reproductive organs that contains half the number of chromosomes as body cells.
egg cell
An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present
recessive allele
Cell division where the chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus.
mitosis
Aa x Aa
25% AA, 50% Aa, 25% aa
Two flowers are crossed and their resulting offspring genotypes are 50% RR and 50% Rr. What are the parent genotypes?
RR and Rr
Having two identical alleles for a trait
homozygous
Cell division that halves the number of chromosomes when forming sex cells
meiosis
Which trait will always express itself regardless of what other trait it is paired with?
Dominant
What are the chances of a woman with Type AB and a man with Type A having a child with Type O?
0%
How many chromosomes do human sperm and egg cells (gametes) have?
23
The second generation of offspring, obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms; the offspring of the F1 generation
f2 generation
What is the structure made of tightly coiled DNA?
Chromosome
XX is what gender?
female
What is the passing down of traits from one generation to next generation?
Heredity
In humans, brown eyes (B) is dominant to blue eyes (b). If two parents have brown eyes, but are carriers for the blue eye allele, what is the probability they will have offspring with blue eyes?
25%
AA x Aa
50% AA, 50% Aa, 0% aa
The first generation of offspring obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms
f1 generation
_____ plants are a good choice to use by Mendel because they are fast growing and easy to raise.
Pea
How many alleles for a trait will you pass on to your child?
1
What is a characteristic or feature determined by genes?
Inherited Trait
Having two different alleles for a trait
heterozygous
In humans, being a tongue roller (R) is dominant over non-roller (r). A man who is a non-roller marries a woman who is heterozygous for tongue rolling. What are the chances for an offspring with the genotype Rr?
50%
aa x AA
0% AA, 100% Aa, 0% aa
What are the different forms of a gene called?
Alleles
In flowers, red (R) is dominant over yellow (r) . What would be the potential phenotypes of potential offspring if parent 1’s genotype is RR and parent 2’s is rr?
100% red
A chart that shows all possible combinations of alleles.
punnett square
What is a section of DNA called?
Gene
In dogs, brown fur (B) is dominant to black fur (b). What must be the parent genotypes of a puppy with black fur?
bb and bb
How many chromosomes do humans have?
46 or 23 pairs
Where is genetic material located in a plant or animal cell?
Nucleus
At minimum, how many dominant alleles do you need to show the dominant trait
1
What is the observable characteristics in an individual resulting from the expression of genes?
phenotype
In flowers, red (R) is dominant to yellow (r). If two flowers that are heterozygous are crossed, what would be their potential genotypes of their offspring?
25% RR 50% Rr 25% rr
Who is considered the father of modern genetics?
Gregor Mendel
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