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Science Test #1 Practice

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  • Which layer of the earth is the thickest?
    mantle
  • A _______ studies the structure, rocks, and minerals of the earth.
    geologist
  • The color of the mark made when a mineral sample is rubbed on a harder surface is called the
    streak
  • Gemstone that are beautiful and rare are called
    precious stones
  • A _____ is an inorganic substance found naturally in the earth.
    mineral
  • Weathering produces small bits of weathered rock called
    sediment
  • The way a mineral reflects light is called its
    luster
  • Name 3 uses for minerals
    food, buildings, toothpaste, technology, jewelry, wires, etc.
  • Rock that forms when layers of sediment and organic material harden is called
    sedimentary
  • A _____ is a hard, natural substance made of one or more minerals that contain organic materials.
    rock
  • Where are minerals usually found?
    Some minerals are found on the surface of the earth. Most minerals are buried in the earth's crust.
  • The 5 characteristics of minerals are
    crystal structure, luster, hardness, color, and cleavage
  • Name one type of igneous rock.
    granite, pumice, obsidian, basalt
  • T or F: The hot melted rock that makes up the mantle of the earth is called lava.
    False: magma
  • Name one type of metamorphic rock.
    slate, marble, gneiss
  • Name the four layers of the earth.
    inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
  • __________ rocks are ones that are formed by heat and pressure deep below the earth's crust.
    metamorphic
  • Rock formed from magma or volcanic lava is called
    igneous
  • The center of the earth is called the
    core
  • The ability of a mineral to resist scratching is called
    hardness
  • The characteristic of a mineral to break along smooth, straight lines or into flat sheets is called
    cleavage
  • Name one type of sedimentary rock.
    sandstone, conglomerate, coal, limestone, chalk
  • A substance made of things that were never alive is
    inorganic
  • _____ is the loose material on the surface of the earth in which plants can grow
    Soil
  • A _________ is a mineral that can be cut and polished for use.
    gemstone
  • The movement of sediment from one place to another is known as
    erosion
  • T or F: If a substance is a mineral, it cannot be a metal.
    False: minerals can be metals
  • The thin outer layer of the earth is called the
    crust
  • The Mohs scale is used to determine the hardness of
    minerals
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