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3rd - 5th Mega Review!!!

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  • Amarillo
    Largest city in the Texas Panhandle. Means 'yellow' in Spanish.
  • Parentheses
    Two curved lines used to enclose a quantity ( )
  • Declaration of Independence
    a document that explained what the colonists believed in and why they wanted to be independent of British rule
  • Suspense
    A feeling of uncertainty and curiosity about what will happen next in a story
  • Executive Branch
    This branch has elected leaders who manage their area of either Country, State or City
  • March 2
    Texas Independence Day.
  • Council
    The group that makes laws
  • El Paso
    this is the largest city located on the US and Mexico border.
  • Product
    The answer to a problem when you multiply one or more numbers.
  • Tally Chart
    A table or chart in which tally marks (instead of numbers or pictures) are used to record data.
  • right angle
    an angle that measures exactly 90 degrees
  • Organism
    A living thing
  • analogy
    A comparison of two different things that are similar in some way
  • Divisor
    The number by which another number is divided. (ex. 24 divided by 6 6 is the divisor)
  • textual evidence
    supporting a statement with information from text (evidence)
  • Mayflower Compact
    written agreement made among the pilgrims on board the Mayflower
  • Degree
    A unit of measure for the inclination of an angle.
  • third person objective point of view
    outside narrator records events without discussing character motivation or knowing what characters are thinking
  • President George W Bush
    43rd President of US in 2001-2009Governor of Texas in 1995 - 2000. Owner of the Texas Rangers baseball team
  • Equilateral Triangle
    A triangle where all the sides are the same length and all the angles are the 60 degrees.
  • Jupiter
    the largest planet and the 5th from the sun
  • weathering
    The way rocks are broken down into pieces is called ____________.
  • food chain
    a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten
  • Continental Army
    army made up of soldiers from the thirteen colonies
  • plot
    Sequence of events in a story
  • heading
    a line of text that says what the passage below it is about
  • Thomas Jefferson
    wrote the Declaration of Independence
  • judicial branch
    part of government that includesJ
  • landslide
    a slide of a large mass of dirt and rock down a mountain or cliff
  • Fraction
    A ratio of two numbers. It is written in the form a/b. (b cannot = 0)
  • analyze
    A type of thinking. To determine various component parts and examine their nature and relationship.
  • Park and recreation
    This department of government provides these programs to help us citizens enjoy ourselves.
  • Author's Point of View/Perspective
    the author's attitude toward the subject
  • Venus
    2nd planet from the sun
  • erosion
    the process of moving weathered rock from one place to another
  • estimate
    to make a guess of how much there is by rounding.
  • multiple
    A number that is the product of two counting numbers
  • equilateral triangle
    all three sides are congruent
  • Habitat
    Noun: The place or type of place where a plant or animal naturally or normally lives or grows.
  • text feature
    parts of the text that help the reader find and learn information (ex:charts, bulleted lists, tables, captions, headings, etc.)
  • Figure
    Also called a shape
  • Octagon
    A polygon with exactly 8 sides
  • Function
    A relation in which each input value is directly associated with exactly one output value
  • An _______ can be formed by a volcano erupting under the ocean floor until itfinally comes about the surface.
    island
  • Compare
    To find similarities
  • urinary system
    the system that includes all organs involved in reproduction and in the formation and voidance of urine
  • militia
    a volunteer army
  • Cause
    what happens first and makes something else happen
  • Expanded Form
    A whole or decimal number written as the sum or single-digit multiples of powers of 10. (ex. 735.2 = 700+30+5+.02)
  • theme
    a central idea of a work (the lesson)
  • Tea Act
    act said that the only company allowed to sell tea to the colonist would be the East India Company
  • array
    objects arranged in rows and columns
  • Two plates moving apart are known as a divergent boundary.
    True
  • The money they collect from taxes
    Community governments pay for services with the money from this.
  • Charge
  • line segment
    a line with two end points
  • (between 0 and 90 degrees)
    ...
  • Mariam (MA) Ferguson
    First woman governor of Texas in 1925. Elected after her husband was impeached. She took a stand against racism and she cut taxes. She was re-elected...
  • factor
    the number that is multiplied by another number to find a product
  • conclude (conclusion)
    To decide something after considering all of the information
  • digestive system
    the system that makes food absorbable into the body
  • second person point of view
    The narrator tells the story using the pronouns "You", "Your," and "Yours" to address a reader or listener directly
  • Line of Symmetry
    A line that divides a figure into two congruent mirror images of each other
  • Narrator
    the person telling the story
  • Mayor
    The leader of a city or town is called.
  • Effect
    what happens after the cause, the result of something
  • Angles
    . The inclination between intersecting lines
  • Obtuse Angle
    An angle with a measure greater than 90 and less than 180 degrees.
  • Number Line
    A graph that shows real numbers as ordered points on a line starting with 0. It can go in a positive or negative direction.
  • Product
    The result of multiplying
  • Multiple
    A number that is divisible by another number with no remainder. (ex. 3,6,9,12, 15 are all multiples of 3)
  • difference
    The answer to a subtraction problem. It means to take away.
  • Description Writing
    writing to describe
  • rectangle
    2 pairs of parallel sides, 2 pairs of opposite sides that are the same length, 4 right angles
  • Mexico
    This country (nation) is to the south of Texas
  • Imagery/Sensory Language
    words that create pictures, or images in your mind. They use details about smells, sounds, colors, and taste to create strong images.
  • parallelogram
    2 pairs of parallel side, 2 pairs of opposite sides that are the same length
  • Federalist
    a person who believed that the new United States needed a strong central government
  • Parish
    The name given by the Catholic Church to the local governments in the state of Louisiana when the region was under the Spanish rule.
  • December 29, 1845
    Texas became a state.
  • conflict
    struggle between opposing forces (disagreement/fighting)
  • Magnetism
    the force of repulsion (pushing) or attraction (pulling) between poles of magnets
  • convey
    to carry or transmit; to communicate
  • Isosceles
    A triangle with two congruent sides. The angels opposite the two legs are also congruent.
  • Climax
    the most exciting part of the story
  • magma
    Melted rock that is below the Earth's surface.
  • Base
    A number raised to a power
  • Illustration
    any type of picture or diagram
  • Prime Number
    A whole number greater than 1 with exactly two factors, 1 and the number itself. (ex. 7 is prime - the only factors are 1 and 7
  • vacuole
    a tiny cavity filled with fluid in the cytoplasm of a cell
  • Paul Revere
    rode through the towns of Lexington and Concord shouting " the British are coming"
  • When plates converge together it can form ____________.
    mountains
  • Recreation
    Is any activity, hobby or sport done for enjoyment after work
  • summarize
    verb - briefly retelling in your own words the main ideas and most important details
  • Capitol buildings.
    State lawmakers meet in these buildings.
  • circulatory system
    The human body system that contians the heart, blood, and all of the blood vessels. It delivers all the nutrients to the cells
  • Cleavage
    Breaking apart along flat surfaces
  • Decagon
    A polygon with exactly 10 sides
  • Earth
    3rd planet from the sun (home)
  • California Gold Rush
    a period of time between 1849 and 1860 when thousands of people from around the world came to find gold and strike it rich
  • Sequence
    The order of events listed step by stepKey words: First, then, next, afterwards
  • Corpus Christi
    The famous King Ranch is located near this Gulf Coast city. It is the second busiest port in Texas.
  • compatible numbers
    numbers that are easy to add mentally.
  • Character
    the people or animals the story is about
  • Demonstrates
    tells or shows
  • Order of Operations
    The rules that tell the order math operations (+, -, x, etc.) are done when there is more than one operation.
  • rock cycle
    the process by which one rock type changes into another rock type
  • Factor
    A whole number that can divide another whole number with no remainder (left over). Example: 1, 3, 5, 15 are all factors of 15.
  • foreshadowing
    A warning or indication of a future event
  • A _______ occurs whenever magma from deep inside the earth comes out through a crack in the surface.
    volcano
  • outer planets
    The four large, gaseous planets farthest from the sun.
  • tundra
    a vast, level, treeless plain in the arctic regions. The ground beneath the surface of the tundras is frozen even in summeril
  • House of Burgess
    1619- The Virginia House of Burgess formed, the first legislative body in colonial America. Later other colonies would adopt houses of burgesses.
  • intolerable
    unacceptable
  • right triangle
    has a right angle (one angle is 90°)
  • food web
    (ecology) a community of organisms where there are several interrelated food chains
  • Dialogue
    the spoken text between characters
  • United States Constitution
    a government document that tells exactly what each branch of government is allowed to do
  • French and Indian War
    fought over control of Ohio River ValleyBritain gained more land in North AmericaBritain go control of land that belong to Native AmericansBritain imp...
  • Author's Purpose
    Why the author wrote the story Ex: Persuade, Inform, or Entertain
  • Label
    words on a diagram that show parts of something
  • Point of View
    the character who is telling the story, what someone thinks about the topic or the events
  • Equivalent
    Two or more math statements that have the same value. 2 + 9 and 10 + 1 both = 11. They are equivalent
  • Reflect
    A transformation that "flips" a figure over a mirror or reflection line.
  • Townshend Acts
    taxes on tea, paper, glass, wool, lead, paints
  • checks and balances
    each branch of government checks on the other, the power is balanced between them
  • textual connection
    connecting your thoughts to the text (what does it remind you of?)
  • The hot melted rock underneath the Earth's plates is called _________.
    magma
  • Phrase
    more than one word, but less than a sentence
  • Erosion
    Processes by which rock, sand, and soil are broken down and carried away (i.e. weathering, glaciation)
  • Stamp Act
    tax on all newspapers, legal documents, playing cards
  • left ventricle
    lower left heart chamber (think opposite left and right)
  • Perspective
    how the character or author sees the events in the story or the topic
  • perpendicular lines
    2 lines that intersect to create a right angle
  • lava
    Melted rock that flows onto land.
  • Plot
    the important events in a story, including the problem and solution
  • Solution
    when the problem of the story gets solved or the character learns to think about it a different way
  • respiratory system
    the system for taking in oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide
  • Protagonist
    the good guy in the story; the main character
  • First Continental Congress
    important meeting between all the colonies, 12 met in Philadelphia, included George Washington, Patrick Henry, John Adams, Samuel Adams
  • forty-niners
    people who came to california in 1849 in search of gold
  • The Mier Expedition
    Texan were captured in Mexico. The men had to draw beans out of a cup. Those who drew and white bean were spared, but those who drew a black bean were...
  • tariff
    tax placed on goods that are imported
  • isosceles triangle
    at least two sides that are congruent
  • Antagonist
    the bad guy or villain in the story
  • Sun
    a typical and average star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system
  • differentiate
    (v.) - to distinguish, to make different
  • sensory imagery
    Language that evokes images and triggers memories in the reader of the five senses: sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell.
  • dividend
    The number that is to be divided in a division problem
  • Mars
    4th planet from the sun
  • Right Triangle
    A triangle in which an interior angle is a right angle
  • chloroplast
    plastid containing chlorophyll and other pigments
  • Factor Pair
    A pair of whole numbers with a product equal to the number under consideration (ex. 2 & 7 are a factor pair of 14)
  • Nolan Ryan
    from Alvin, TX. played baseball from the Houston Astros and Texas Rangers. Famous pitcher for his fast ball.
  • 3-D
    three dimensionalhaving height, width, and depth
  • preamble
    Thomas Jefferson wrote the beginning of the Declaration Independance
  • divide
    to separate into equal groups; the opposite operation of multiplication
  • Motivation
    why a character acts the way they do, what they want
  • eukaryates
    a organism made up of cell's that have a nucleus enclosed by membrane eukaryotic include protists, animals, plants and fungi but not archaea or bacter...
  • metamorphic rock
    rock that forms when the texture and composition of preexisiting rock changes due to heat and pressure.
  • mohs hardness scale
    a scale ranking ten minerals from softest to hardest; used in testing the hardness of minerals
  • parallelism
    Phrases or sentences of a similar construction/meaning placed side by side, balancing each other
  • Exponential Form
    A number written with an exponent
  • Jamestown
    first permanent settlement
  • shot heard around the worls
    first gunshot of American Revolution
  • sedimentary rock
    rock that forms when sediments are compacted and cemented together.
  • Leg (of a Right Triangle)
    Each of the two sides that form the right angle in a right triangle
  • Adjacent Angles
    Two angles with a common side and a common vertex but no overlap
  • puritans
    a group of people who disagreed with the Church of England
  • acute triangle
    3 acute angles (less than 90°)
  • cellulose
    hard, nonliving material that makes up the cell wall of a plant cell
  • cell
    (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms
  • Circumference
    The distance around the outside of a circle.
  • base
    the bottom of a 3-D figure; length x width
  • conductors
    the people who aided the runaway slave on their way north
  • rain forest
    a forest region located in the Tropical Zone with a heavy concentration of different species of broadleaf trees.
  • General Santa Anna
    Mexican dictator during Texas Revolution
  • omnivore
    an animal that eats both plants and animals
  • Caption
    words written below or next to an illustration that tells what it is about
  • idioms
    Words/phrases not same literal meaning as words composed of (example: ts raining cats and dogs)
  • Trait
    a word to describe a character's personality, usually does not change
  • synonym
    A word that means the same as another word
  • The largest waves in the worlds are called ___________.
    tsunamis
  • boomtown
    a city that grows in quickly in population because of a certain industry, often gold
  • Problem
    usually the problem of the main character, what they want or are struggling against
  • Middle Colonies
    part agriculture, part industrialNew York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delware
  • Foreshadowing
    when the author gives hints about what is going to happen later on in the story
  • glucose
    water + sunlight + CO2 = ?
  • oxygen
    What leaves plants?
  • right ventricle
    lower right heart chamber
  • Boundary
    Another word for border.
  • vertex (vertices)
    Where 2 or more lines intersect, corner (plural)
  • square
    2 pairs of parallel side, 4 sides that are congruent, 4 right angles.
  • Boston Tea Party
    group of colonists dressed as Indians through all the tea in the harbor
  • Triangle
    A polygon with exactly 3 sides, 3 angles, and 3 vertices.
  • beliefs
    specific ideas that people hold to be true
  • Boston Massacre
    pushed the colonists closer to war, British soldiers shot into a crowd and killed 5 colonists
  • associative property of multiplication
    the property that states that when the grouping of factors is changed, the product remains the same
  • Ice Age
    period of time when much of the Earth was covered by glaciers
  • North Pole
    the northernmost point of the Earth's axis90 degrees north latitude
  • Government Services
    Is work that is done by the government for everyone in a city or town
  • Venn Diagram
    A diagram made of two or more circles that shows the relationship between two sets of data.
  • Antonym
    words that mean the opposite
  • symbolism
    A device in literature where an object represents an idea.
  • colony
    a settlement far from the country that governs it
  • Numerator
    The dividend in a fraction or ratio OR The top number in a fraction or ratio. Example: In 7/8, 7 is the numerator.
  • canopy
    dense covering formed by the leafy tops of tall rain forest trees
  • Tobacco
    cash crop
  • Audie Murphy
    Most decorated US soldier of WW2 from Texas. National Hero
  • magma
    the hot liquid that forms when rock partially or completely melts; may include mineral crystals
  • John Adams
    He argued against the Stamp Act and was involved in various patriot groups. As a delegate from Massachusetts, he urged the Second Continental Congress...
  • forced migration
    a large group of people who are forced to move from one place to live to another place to live
  • Comparison
    when two or more things are being compared as having things the same or different
  • War Hawks
    a group of people in congress who wanted to go to war with Britain in 1812
  • Chronological
    events told in order of time
  • backcountry
    the land that was close to the Apalachian Mountains
  • Ann Richards
    second female governor of Texas.
  • Spindle Top
    Located in Beaumont this oil field started the biggest economic "boom" in Texas history
  • Texas Tea or Black Gold
    nickname for oil, Texas' most important natural resource.
  • neutral
    to not take a side in a fight
  • Main Idea
    the big idea - what and what about it
  • Setting
    when and where the story takes place
  • Conestoga Wagon
    a type of covered wagon
  • mitochondria
    The part of the cell that converts food to energy.
  • Coolest Teacher
    Mrs.Brown
  • Factor
    A number that is multiplied
  • Unit Square
    A square with each side 1 unit in length. The area of a unit square is 1 square unit.
  • Wampanoag
    helped the Pilgrims make a peace treaty
  • Governor
    A state leader that is elected by the people is called this.
  • Indian removal act
    the United States government action that forcibly moved indians to lands west
  • distributive property
    The property that states that multiplying a sum by a number is the same as multiplying each addend by the number and then adding the products
  • genre
    a kind of literary or artistic work
  • precipitation
    the falling to earth of any form of water (rain or snow or hail or sleet or mist)
  • adjacent
    two line segments that share a vertex
  • linear plot
    A plot that has a distinctive begining, middle, and end, and is composed of five identifiable parts: introduction, rising action, climax, falling acti...
  • phloem
    Vascular plant tissue consisting of living cells arranged into elongated tubes that transport sugar and other organic nutrients throughout the plant.
  • Battle of Tippecanoe
    a 1811 battle between american soldiers and Tecumsh's soldiers
  • amendent
    something that is added to the orginal
  • Passage
    a reading passage, usually less than two pages
  • tally table
    a table that uses tally marks to record data
  • consumer
    a living thing that gets energy by eating plants and other animals
  • kite
    2 pairs of adjacent sides that are the same length
  • executive branch
    part of the United States government that includes the president
  • equation
    A number sentence that uses the equal sign to show that two amounts are equal
  • Orbit
    The path of an object as it revolves around another object in space
  • chlorophyll
    a green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria
  • Vertical Bar Graph
    a bar graph in which the bars go up from bottom to top
  • free verse poem
    a poem that has no definite rhyme and structure
  • text structure
    how the information within a written text is organized
  • Figurative Language
    a phrase that means something different that what is actually being said; ex: sarcasm, "as big as a house", exaggeration
  • By having school boards to make decisions and solve school's problems
    Our government makes sure that children get good education by having this
  • Polygon
    A closed 2-D shape. Each side is a line segment and intersects exactly two other sides. Each point of intersection creates a vertex or point.
  • Quotient
    The result of dividing
  • Manifest Destiny
    belief that America was destined to expand to the Pacific, and possibly into Canada and Mexico
  • grassland
    land where grass or grasslike vegetation grows and is the dominant form of plant life
  • line plot
    a graph that records each piece of data on a number line
  • Square
    . A parallelogram with all sides and angles equal. A square is also a rectangle and a rhombus
  • Idiom
    A common, often used expression that doesn't make sense if you take it literally.
  • Sedimentary
    A type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented togetherRock formed when layer...
  • Explain how glaciers change the land:
    Glaciers change the land as they slide over it. The scrape up rocks and soil and pile them up into hills. They scoop our rocks and soil to form huge h...
  • Declaration of Independance
    written by Thomas Jefferson
  • Battle of Bunker Hill
    first major battle fought in Revolution
  • Character traits
    qualities that describe a character Ex. Nice, mean, forgiving, playful, shy or funny
  • instinct
    a behavior that an organism inherits
  • Lesson
    something that can be learned, usually about life
  • Metamorphic
    A type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.
  • Local government.
    Community and County government are kinds of this.
  • Igneous
    A type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface.
  • vein
    a blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart (blue)
  • Intolerable Acts
    *rules that sent more British soldiers to Boston*colonist had to let soldiers stay in their home and feed them*no ships were allowed to enter or leave...
  • Local, State and National
    The three levels of government
  • Fact
    A true statement that can be proved.
  • Mirabeau Lamar
    Commanded the Texas Calvary during Battle of San Jacinto. Second president of Republic of Texas. Father of Texas Education in Texas
  • Exponent
    A number that tells how many times another number (the base) is used as a factor
  • third person omniscient point of view
    narrator knows everything in the story and reveals the thoughts of all the characters
  • Proprietary coloniesNew York, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia,New Jersey
    meant to make money for the stockholder( person who owned the colony)
  • pattern
    An ordered set of numbers or objects in which the order helps you predict what will come next
  • fort
    a small strong building for soliders
  • igneous rock
    A rock that forms when melted rock cools and hardens.
  • Weathering
    The breaking down of rocks and other materials on the Earth's surface.
  • Whole Numbers
    A counting number or zero
  • Contrast
    to find differences
  • Quotient
    The answer to a problem when you divide one number by another number.
  • chronological
    Arranged in order of time of occurrence
  • Repel
    to force back
  • Red River
    This river separates Texas from Oklahoma. Gets it name from its color which is caused by its soil
  • Nonagon
    A polygon with exactly 9 sides
  • List the ways rocks can be weathered:
    wind, water, plants/animals
  • straight angle
    an angle that measures exactly 180 degrees
  • Fossil
    The trace or remains of an organism that lived long ago, most commonly preserved in sedimentary rock
  • Title
    the name of a book or article
  • Acute Angle
    . An angle with a measure greater than 0 and less than 90 degrees
  • climate
    the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time
  • igneous rock
    rock that forms from the cooling of magma
  • Compare
    telling how two or more things are alike or different
  • clarify
    to make clear or easier to understand
  • Stephen F. Austin
    Father of Texas, brought Anglo-Americans to settle in Texas. Old 300, Texas state capital is named after him.
  • ratify
    to approve
  • coral reef
    A structure of calcite skeletons built up by coral animals in warm, shallow ocean water.
  • Pecan Tree
    Texas state tree. Pecan pie
  • Suffixes
    Words or word parts added to the END of a base word to change its meaning or part of speech
  • Diagram
    a picture with labels that shows the parts of something or how it works
  • Hexagon
    A polygon with exactly 6 sides
  • Erosion
    __________ is the movement of weathered rock and soil.
  • Patrick Herny
    lawyer who made a speech to King George III that said Britain had to right to tax the colonistSaid " give me liberty, or give me death"
  • Fossil
    It is any trace of an ancient organism preserved in rock.
  • Jane Lon
    Mother of Texas. Part of Stephen F Austin's Old 300 colonists.
  • Sabine River
    this river is the border between Texas and Louisiana
  • Events
    things that happen in a story
  • Message
    a lesson or moral of the story, the theme, what the author wants you to learn
  • media
    the various methods of communicating information(the internet, social apps, newspapers, magazines, tv)
  • commutative property of multiplication
    the property that states that you can multiply two factors in any order and get the same product
  • Legislative Branch
    Branch that makes the laws.
  • Analog Time
    Time shown on a traditional two or three hand clock. The wall clock in the classroom shows analog time.
  • obtuse angle
    an angle measuring greater than 90 degrees
  • Number Sentence
    A math statement that always has a relation symbol (=, < , >). Example: 2 + 3 = 5. 4 > 5
  • luster
    the way a mineral reflects light
  • State Government
    Which level of government includes a governor elected by the people.
  • rectangular prism
    a prism that has rectangular bases
  • equal groups
    groups that have the same number of objects
  • key
    a part of a map or a graph that explains the symbols
  • Earthquake
    The shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface.
  • Heptagon
    A polygon with exactly 7 sides
  • Analyze
    to break apart a section of text to better understand it
  • How does water cause weathering?
    When water flows into crack or holes in rocks and freezes, the water expands causing the rock to break apart. The movement of waters also wears rock a...
  • picture graph
    a graph that uses pictures to show and compare information
  • indentured servant
    a person who agrees to work for free for a certain period of time in return for their freedom
  • Learned Behavior
    a behavior an animal learns from its parents
  • photosynthesis
    The way plants make their own food
  • Perimeter
    The distance around the outside of a closed, 2-D shape.
  • The Earth is 4.5 billion years old.
    True
  • Bar Graph
    A type of data display that shows how often something happens using bars to show the data
  • acute angle
    an angle measuring less than 90 degrees
  • Tax
    Is money that we citizens pay to run our community government and provide us services.
  • third person limited point of view
    the narrator focuses on the thoughts and feelings of only one character
  • perpendicular line segments
    two line segments that intersect at a right angle (90 degree)
  • List the three ways rock can be weathered
    wind, water, plants/animals
  • Pluto
    Name this dwarf planet
  • David Burnett
    Ad interim president of the Republic of Texas government, Signed Treaty of Velasco
  • interpret
    to explain the meaning of
  • lyrical poem
    A poem that does not tell a story but expresses the personal feelings or thoughts of a speaker.
  • Author's purpose
    the reason the author wrote the passage or text - to teach, inform, entertain, convince, or persuade the reader
  • cotton
    Texas produces more of this crop used for clothing than any other state.
  • length
    how long a figure measures
  • Anson Jones
    Last President of the Republic of Texas.
  • Property Tax
    Is money paid by people who own land and buildings
  • Fiction
    a story made up out of the author's imagination
  • Infer
    using text details and background knowledge to figure out information that isn't "right there' in the words on the page.
  • Dividend
    When dividing one number by another, the number that is being divided. Example: 24 - 6 = 24 is the dividend
  • Fort Worth
    The Trinity River flows through the center of this Texas city. Its nickname "Cowtown". Also part of the Metroplex
  • sink
    warm air and cold air_____.
  • immigrate
    a person from one country who goes to live in another country
  • Uranus
    7th planet from the sun
  • point of view
    the perspective from which a story is told
  • trapezoid
    at least 1 pair of parallel sides
  • Second Continental Congress
    agreed to create a armyrepresentatives from each of the 13 coloniesLed by George Washington
  • Narrator
    the person/thing telling the story
  • Digital Time
    Time shown on a digital clock. Hours, minutes, and seconds are separated by :. Example: 11:03:20 = 11 hours, 3 minutes, 20 seconds
  • Battle of Gonzales
    Nick-named "the Lexington and Concord of Texas". Had a white flag with "Come and Take it" written on it.
  • artery
    a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body
  • Contradict
    to go against
  • herbivore
    plant eater
  • Supports
    helps to backup an idea, evidence
  • Olive Branch
    letter written to King George asking for more freedom for the colonist
  • Minerals
    A nutrient that occurs naturally in rocks or soil; needed by the body in small amounts.Inorganic compounds essential for normal metabolism, growth and...
  • King Ranch
    Largest cattle ranch in Texas. 825,000 acres. Located in Kingsville, TX near Corpus Christi.
  • Map
    a text feature that shows places
  • Line
    An straight set of points that goes on for infinity or forever.
  • Lone Star
    On the state flag of Texas, and the nickname of Texas
  • pioneers
    people who are the first to settle in a region
  • suspense
    Technique that keeps the reader guessing what will happen next
  • Chronological
    in order by time, first, next, then, later, last
  • Battle of San Jacinto
    Texas army lead by Sam Houston defeated Santa Anna and the Mexican army on April 21, 1836. Battle lasted 18 minutes.
  • rising action
    events leading up to the climax
  • Conclusion
    the end of the story
  • Parks and recreation department
    This department offers special programs in the summer for children to enjoy.
  • electoral college
    the body that elects the president of the United States
  • rhombus
    2 pairs of parallel sides, 4 sides that are the same length
  • parallel lines
    2 lines that will never intersect if continued on
  • Bluebonnet
    Texas state flower.
  • swamp
    a wetland ecosystem in which trees and vines grow
  • synonym
    words that mean the same thing
  • Timeline
    a text feature that shows important dates and events
  • Church of England
    national religion of England
  • Point
    A point is usually shown with a single dot and labeled with a capital letter. It has no dimensions.
  • Unit Price
    The price a single item or unit. (ex. $3.50 per pound)
  • 3rd Person Point of View
    Told by a narrator NOT in the story(He, She, They, Them, Character Name)
  • County Seat
    The city or town in which the county's leaders meet.
  • Resolution
    the solution; what solves the problem
  • cytoplasm
    a jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
  • Texas Longhorn
    Mascot of the University of Texas, Texas is famous for this breed of cattle.
  • Budget
    plan for spending money
  • heart
    the hollow muscular organ located behind the sternum and between the lungs
  • Neptune
    8th planet from the sun
  • desert
    an extremely dry area with little water and few plants
  • Judicial Branch
    Branch that decides if laws are fair and being carried out correctly.
  • Ray
    A part of a line that has one endpoint and continues infinitely in one direction.
  • Lost Colony/ Roanoke
    the first settlement in north america
  • falling action
    Events after the climax, leading to the resolution
  • xylem
    the vascular tissue through which water and nutrients move in some plants
  • Fault
    A crack in the earth's crust.
  • Commutative Property
    (Addition and Multiplication ONLY) The property that says the order of adding or multiplying the numbers does not make a difference. a + b = b + a
  • Rhombus
    . A parallelogram with all sides congruent.
  • Line Segment
    A part of a line with two endpoints, one on each end
  • Public Works department
    We might not have clean water if it wasn't for this department.
  • Capitol
    The building name in a capital city in which lawmakers meet.
  • Plane
    A shape with no dimensions- no length, width, or height. Examples: An infinitely thin sheet of flat glass that goes in all directions forever.
  • Average or Mean
    The number found by dividing the sum of a set of numbers by the total amount of numbers added.
  • patriot
    colonist who supported the cause of independence
  • Equation
    A math sentence relating two equal parts or expressions. 6 + 9 = 15 or 9 +6 = 15
  • rock cycle
    the process by which one rock type changes into another rock type
  • Sam Houston
    First President of the Republic of Texas, Commander of the Texas Army, Hero of San Jacinto, First governor of the state of Texas. US Senator for state...
  • prokarytes
    single celled organism with no organized nucleus
  • Composite Number
    A whole number greater than 1 that is not a prime number
  • first person point of view
    the narrator is a character in the story and used words like I, me, we
  • context
    Words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning.root
  • high desert
    the area for trading and finding minerals
  • capillaries
    the smallest blood vessels which connect the smallest arteries with the smallest veins. Nourishment and fluid noramlly trapped in thick walled arterie...
  • Decimal Notation
    A number written with base 10 place values that a smaller than one. (ex. 0.25, 25.624)
  • Fact
    something that can be proven true or false
  • Difference
    The result of subracting
  • legislative branch
    part of the government that includes the senate and the House of Representatives
  • Battle of Saratoga
    often called the turning point in the American Revolution
  • Array
    A rectangular arrangement of objects or number. All rows are the same length and all columns are the same length.
  • Judicial Branch, Executive Branch and Legislative Branch
    The three branches of government.
  • The Alamo
    Located in San Antonio. Where 187 brave men were killed by the Mexican Army. Also known as Mission San Antonio de Valero.
  • Values
    the ideas, beliefs, and attitudes about what is important that help guide the way you live
  • Acute Triangle
    A triangle in which all interior angels are acute
  • James Bowie
    Texas pioneer, fought and died at the Alamo, invented the Bowie Knife
  • Capitol Building
    This building represents the Legislative Branch
  • Environment
    Noun: The conditions that surround someone or something.
  • Articles of confederation
    the United States plan of government that was used from 1781-1789
  • sequencing
    Placing information, concepts, and actions in order
  • Characteristic
    trait, attribute
  • Perpendicular
    Two lines or segments that intersect to form at least one right angle
  • President Dwight D. Eisenhower
    From Dennison, Texas. He was a general during WW2. 34th President
  • factual claim
    a claim that something is true; a claim that evidence or reasons are being presented
  • Compare & Contrast
    Give an account of similarities and differences between two (or more) items or situations, referring to both (all) of them throughout.
  • width
    how wide a figure measures
  • sedimentary rock
    rock that forms when sediments are compacted and cemented together.
  • Conflict
    the problem in the story
  • Houston
    It is the largest city in Texas and the fourth largest in the USA. It is the largest port in Texas. It was the first capital city of Texas.Home to 201...
  • low desert
    the are for hunting and cemeteries (west side)
  • deoxyribonucleic acid
    (DNA) nucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose
  • Volcanoes, earthquakes, and mountains are made by faults.
    False
  • Cynthia Ann Parker
    She was captured by the Comanche Indians. Called the " White Comanche". Her son Quanah Parker became a famous Indian leader
  • rock
    A nonliving material made of one or more minerals.
  • frequency table
    A table that uses numbers to record data
  • stanza
    a group of lines in a poem
  • Mercury
    closest planet to the sun
  • Theme
    the overall message of the story
  • Beneficial
    Being of use; helpful; favorable
  • place value
    the value of each digit in a number, based on the location of the digit
  • weathering
    the process of wearing down or breaking down rocks into smaller pieces
  • Cause & Effect Writing
    The reason something happens and the result of it happening.
  • Denominator
    The divisor in a ratio or fraction or The bottom number in a fraction or ratio. Example: In 7/8, 8 is the denominator.
  • Parallelogram
    Four sided, closed shape where opposite sides are the same length.
  • Scalene Triangle
    A triangle in which no sides are congruent . They are all different lengths.
  • Homophone
    a word that has the same sound but a different meaning as another word
  • metamorphic rock
    rock that forms when the texture and composition of preexisiting rock changes due to heat and pressure.
  • San Antonio
    The Battle of the Alamo took place here. Third largest city in Texas.
  • infer
    A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning
  • Leg (of an Isosceles Triangle)
    Each of the two congruent sides of an isosceles triangle
  • Detail
    smaller facts or events in the story that may support the main idea
  • horizontal bar graph
    A bar graph in which the bars go across from left to right
  • Order of Operations
    A set of rules for simplifying numerical expressions
  • Dallas
    Part of the Metroplex. Home to the Dallas Cowboys. It hosts the Texas State Fair.
  • Texas Rangers
    law men that rode across Texas trying to keep law and order. Now part of the Texas Department of Public Safety.
  • Rio Grande River
    It forms the southern border between Texas and Mexico. It starts in Colorado and empties into the Gulf of Mexico
  • scalene triangle
    no sides are congruent (have the same length)
  • symbiosis
    relationship in which two species live closely together
  • Variable
    a letter in the expression that represents a number
  • volume
    the amount of space an object takes up
  • intolerable acts
    in response to Boston Tea Party, 4 acts passed, Port of Boston closed, reduced power of assemblies in colonies, permitted royal officers to be tried e...
  • Battle of Yorktown
    ended the Revolutionary War
  • Pictograph
    A chart that uses pictures to show numbers of things being graphed.
  • Subtitle
    a longer title that tells what the book or article is about with more details
  • face
    any of the surfaces of a 3-D figure
  • Specials jobs and responsbilities
    Community, state and national levels of governments make laws and collect taxes, but each level has its own
  • Rotation
    The spinning motion of a planet on its axis
  • sediment
    small pieces of weathered rock such as gravel, sand, or pebbles
  • Photograph
    a picture of something real that is taken with a camera
  • exposition
    A narrative device, often used at the beginning of a work that provides necessary background information about the characters and their circumstances.
  • frontier
    the unsettled part of a country
  • Vertex
    A point where lines, rays, or line segments meet.
  • Hardness
    Measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched
  • evaluate
    Examine and judge carefully.
  • Identity property of Multiplication
    The property that states that the product of any number and 1 is that number
  • Inference
    use background knowledge & context clues to make an educated guess
  • Sum
    The result of adding
  • House of Burgessess
    group of elected officials to help make the laws in Jamestown,beginning of self government for the English colonies
  • Nonfiction
    writing that is facts, about real people or things; biographies, informational writing
  • climax
    The climax or turning point of a narrative work is its point of highest tension or drama or when the action starts in which the solution is given.
  • producer
    organisms that make their own food
  • band wagon
    an argument saying in effect that becuase other people are doing something, you should too
  • Evidence
    details or facts from the story that helps to prove an idea
  • cell membrane
    a thin membrane around the cytoplasm of a cell
  • Contrast
    telling how two or more things are different
  • hexagon
    6 sided figure
  • Chronological Writing
    Presented in time order, from earliest to latest.
  • obtuse triangle
    has an obtuse angle (greater than 90°)
  • Pentagon
    A polygon with exactly 5 sides.
  • boycott
    to refuse to buy something to express disapproval or create change
  • Summary
    a retelling of the most important parts of the story
  • Feeling
    a character's emotions, may change many times throughout the story
  • adages
    A short saying that expresses a general truth about human nature.
  • opposite
    two line segments that do not share a vertex and are on opposite sides of the poloygon
  • author's purpose
    The reason the author has for writing. ( Inform, persuade, express, & entertain)
  • carnivore
    Meat eater
  • Least Common Denominator
    The least common multiple of the denominators of two or more fractions. (ex. The least common denominator of ¼ and 3/10 is 20)
  • Theme
    the lesson about life the author wants you to learn from the story
  • narrative poem
    a poem that tells a story
  • mercenaries
    paid soldiers from one country who fight for another country
  • New Mexico, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Louisiana
    These states border Texas
  • Battle of Lexington and Concord
    marked the beginning of the Revolution
  • microorganism
    microscopic animal or plant
  • Volcanic Eruption
    The sudden occurrence of a violent discharge of steam and volcanic material.phr. an explosion which causes burning rocks to be thrown out of a volcano
  • Right Angle
    An angle that measures exactly 90 degrees
  • Problem & Solution Writing
    The author identifies and describes a problem and then offers one or more possible solutions.
  • minutemen
    members of the militia who were ready to fight with only a moments notice
  • Solar Energy
    energy from the sun
  • President George HW Bush
    41st President of US from Houston, TX. He was also the Vice President under Ronald Reagan in 1981 - 1989. Director of CIA in 1976-1977.
  • sound technique
    control the sound of the poem
  • diamond
    What is the hardest mineral on the Mohs Hardness Scale?
  • rock
    a solid mixture of crystals of one or more minerals or other materials
  • complexity
    involving a lot of different but connected parts in a way that is difficult to understand
  • Absorb
    to soak up or take in
  • Gulf of Mexico
    All of southeast Texas borders this body of water. The cities of Galveston, Corpus Christi, and Padre Island touch its shores.
  • multiply
    to combine equal groups to find how many in all; the opposite operation of division
  • Plate tectonics
    It explains that the earth is divided into pieces
  • President Lyndon B Johnson
    US President associated with Civil Rights movement, took over as President when John F Kennedy was assassinated. He was from Stonewall, Texas.
  • Heading
    the name of a section, tells what it is going to mostly be about
  • Sum
    The answer to a problem when you add two or more numbers.
  • Population
    A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area
  • Addend
    A number or expression that is added to another number or expression
  • Area
    The measure, in square units, of the interior of a plane figure
  • bladder
    elastic, muscular organ that holds urine until it leaves the body
  • Suzanne Dickenson
    Santa Anna released her and her baby from the Alamo to tell Sam Houston about the defeat.
  • separatists
    people who wanted to break away from or separate from the Church of England
  • Treaty of Paris
    marked the official end of the war
  • perspective
    a way of thinking about situations or topics
  • Mocking Bird
    Texas state bird. It imitates other birds, or other noises including a dog bark, or jack hammer
  • Austin
    It is the capital of Texas, and the University of Texas is located her. Named after the "Father of Texas"
  • tone
    Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character
  • Opinion
    A personal belief about something. It cannot be proved.
  • right atrium
    the right upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the venae cavae and coronary sinus
  • When large plates get caught, pressure and energy builds up. When thatpressure and energy are release an __________ occurs.
    earthquake
  • nucleus
    a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction
  • inherited behavior
    a set of actions that a living thing is born with and does not need to learn
  • Southern Colonies
    mostly agricultureVirginia, Maryland, North Carolina,South Carolina, Georgia
  • Axis
    An imaginary line that passes through Earth's center and the North and South poles, about which Earth rotates
  • imply
    to hint
  • paraphrase
    A restatement of a text or passage in other words.
  • Attract
    To pull togetherto draw something to yourself (like magnets)
  • Sequence
    when events or steps are in order
  • South Pole
    90 degrees Souththe southernmost point of the Earth's axis
  • decomposer
    organism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead organic matter
  • The continents have always been in the same location.
    False
  • visual technique
    Develop a picture to represent each major concept(what is the movie playing in your head?)
  • Label the three layers of the Earth:
    crust, core, mantle
  • round
    to replace a number with another number to estimate
  • streak
    a marking of a different color or texture from the background
  • myth
    A traditional story about gods, ancestors, or heroes, told to explain the natural world or the customs and beliefs of a society.
  • height
    how tall a figure measures
  • inner planets
    the planets closest to the Sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars
  • 1st Person Point of View
    Told by a character in the story (Me, I, Us, We)
  • Streak
    the color of a mineral's powder
  • side
    a side of a figure, a line segment that intersects two other line segments at vertices
  • Legislative Branch
    The town or city council of your community is part of this branch.
  • cash crop
    crop grown for profit
  • Plot
    the events in a story
  • Bill of Rights
    the first 10 amendments to the United States Constitution
  • Quadrilateral
    A polygon with exactly 4 sides.
  • order of operations
    a set of rules that give you the order in which calculations should be doneA
  • Sons of Liberty
    Samuel Adams organized a group of men to protest the Stamp Act
  • Continental drift
    Theory that the continents slowly moved over Earth's surface.
  • Johnson Space Center
    home of NASA, located in Clear Lake, Tx. mission control for the moon was located here
  • inverse operations
    opposite operations that cancel each other. Addition and subtraction - Multiplication and division.
  • Public Works
    Department of a community government that provides services to meet day to day needs like Sanitation or Clean water supply.
  • Texas Revolution
    1835 - 1836, Texan colonists rebelled against the Mexican government. Several battles include the Alamo and San Jacinto
  • understory
    Below the canopy, a second layer of shorter trees and vines
  • Expression
    A mathematical phrase with numbers and symbols
  • Community (Local) Government
    Public schools and libraries are the responsibility of this level of government.
  • Atantic Slave Trade
    the business of forcing Africans to the colonies in North and South America to work
  • antonym
    a word that means the opposite of another word
  • William B Travis
    Hero of the Alamo. Became the leader of the men who decided to stay and fight. Wrote famous, "Victory or Death" letter.
  • Attribute
    trait, characteristic
  • Volume
    . The amount of space that is in a 3-D shape. Called cubic units
  • Integer
    A counting number or zero
  • delegate
    a representative of a state
  • Mood
    how the story makes you (the reader) feel
  • glacier
    slow moving river of ice
  • Opinion
    what someone thinks about something, can be supported, but cannot be proven right or wrong (best, worst, better, greatest, etc)
  • related facts
    A fancy name for fact family
  • The Supreme Court Building
    This building represents the Judicial branch.
  • Keep streets and water clean and collect garbage
    Two examples of jobs that the public works department performs are these.
  • Power
    An exponent
  • Northwest Territory
    an area of land that became Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin
  • polygon
    a 2D figure with at least 3 closed straight lines.
  • Big Bend National Park
    Texas wilderness of 700,000 acres. The Chalk, Chisos, and Christmas Mountains are located here.
  • resolution
    End of the story where loose ends are tied up
  • Prefixes
    words or word parts added to the BEGINNING of a base word to make a new word
  • Congruent
    Exactly the same length.
  • magma
    the hot liquid that forms when rock partially or completely melts; may include mineral crystals
  • __________ are when soil and rock collapse and fall down a hill ormountainside.
    Landslides
  • parallel line segments
    two or more line segments that run side by side and NEVER intersect
  • Associative Property
    (Addition and Multiplication ONLY) The property that says the grouping of addends or factors does not make a difference. (a+b)+c = (b+c)+a
  • Battle of Goliad
    James Fannin and his army were massacred by the Mexican army on March 27.
  • Face
    A 2-D figure (also called a plane figure) that is one side of a 3-D figure. Example: A pyramid (3-D) sits on a square (2-D) face.
  • Saturn
    6th planet from the sun
  • divisor
    the number that divides the dividend
  • Sales Tax
    Is the extra money that we all pay each time we buy something.
  • cube
    A prism with six square faces
  • ecosystem
    a system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment
  • Regular Polygon
    A polygon in which all sides are congruent and all angles are congruent. (ex. Squares are regular polygons)
  • left atrium
    the left upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the pulmonary veins
  • zero property of multiplication
    the property that states that the product of zero and any number is zero
  • Monroe Doctrine
    policy made by President Monroe that declared1823 - Declared that Europe should not interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere and that any at...
  • Pieces of rock, called ________ make up continents and ocean floors
    plates
  • product
    the answer of a multiplication problem
  • Parallel Lines
    Two or more lines that lie in the same plane and do not intersect.
  • Senora Francisca Alvarez
    Known as the "Angel of Goliad" for hiding some of the wounded Texas soldiers from the Mexican army
  • Subtrahend
    An expression that is subtracted from another expression. (ex. 20 -11=18 11 is the subtrahend)
  • scavenger
    a carnivore that feeds on the bodies of dead organisms
  • deposition
    the process of depositing (dropping) sediment
  • river
    a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)
  • caption
    a title or short description of a picture
  • shrub
    a low woody perennial plant usually having several major branches
  • Text
    the actual words in a book or passage, or another name for a reading passage
  • DNA
    (biochemistry) a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix
  • Setting
    when and where the story takes place
  • quotient
    the number that results from dividing.
  • repeal
    means to cancel
  • Line Plot
    A graph where the data are single points on a number line and how often something happens is shown by dots or x's. Unless stated, each dot or x stands...
  • Barbara Jordan
    First African American women elected to Texas Senate. She was also the first African Amercianfrom "Deep South" elected to US Congress. Served on the N...
  • pentagon
    5 sided figure
  • quadrilateral
    a 4 sided figure
  • Virginia company
    businessmen wanted to set up a new colony in Virginia to see if there were any resources to make them money
  • Place Value
    The value of the place a digit is in, in a number. This is not the same as the value of the digit. Example: In the number 120. The 2 is in the ten's p...