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Skeletal System Final Exam Review - Kate

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  • Describe a gliding joint
    articular surfaces are essentially flat, allow slipping or gliding movements
  • Describe riclets
    homeostatic imbalance - bones of children fail to calcify, bowed legs and deformities of the pelvis, skull, and rib cage
  • What are the primary structures of the skeletal system?
    joints, ligaments, cartilage, and bones
  • Describe kyphosis
    a dorsally exaggerated thoracic curvature ("hunchback")
  • What can lordosis result from?
    spinal tuberculosis or osteomalacia
  • Describe a simple fracture.
    Closed; bone breaks cleanly; doesn't penetrate skin
  • Name the primary functions of the skeletal system.
    Supports, protects, helps with movements, stores minerals and blood cell formation
  • Who is kyphosis common in?
    particularly common in aged individuals due to osteoporosis, but may reflect tuberculosis of the spine, rickets, or osteomalacia
  • Describe a spiral fracture.
    Ragged break when the bone is excessively twisted; common sports injury
  • Who is scoliosis most common in
    late childhood, particularly in girls, for unknown reasons
  • Describe a saddle joint
    similar to ellipsoid joints but allow greater movements, each articular surface has both a concave and convex surface
  • Name the types of joints
    Gliding, ball and socket, saddle, hinge, ellipsoid, and pivot
  • Describe a greenstick fracture.
    incomplete fracture where one side of the bone breaks and the other bends; most common in children
  • Descride scoliosis
    an abnormal lateral curvature that occurs most often in the thoracic region
  • Describe a depressed fracture.
    Broken bone portion pressed inward; typical skull fracture
  • Describe a compound fracture.
    Open; bone ends penetrate the skin
  • Describe a epiphyseal fracture.
    epiphysis separates from diaphysis along epiphyseal line
  • Describe a hinge joint
    cylindrical projection of one bone fits into a trough-shaped surface of another
  • Describe lordosis.
    an accentuated lumbar curvature ("swayback")
  • Name the types of fractures.
    greenstick, compound, spiral, depressed, epiphyseal, simple, and comminuted
  • Describe an ellipsoid joint
    oval articular surface of one bone fits into a complementary depression in another
  • What causes rickets?
    Deficient calcium in diet, or vitamin D deficiency
  • Describe a pivot joint
    rounded end of one bone protrudes into a "sleeve", or ring of another
  • Describe a comminuted fracture.
    bone fragments into three or more pieces; common in elderly
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