Study

C1 Advanced Present Perfect and Past Forms

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  • Our research division _____ five comprehensive reports on climate resilience since funding commenced in 2022.
    had been publishing
    was published
    has published
    published
  • The legal firm took on the complex case only after senior partners _____ all potential conflict risks.
    had evaluated
    were evaluating
    evaluate
    have evaluated
  • They _____ potential merger options for several months before the board officially authorized formal negotiations.
    discuss
    were discussed
    had been discussing
    have discussed
  • The historical archivist _____ the ancient parchment for weeks before discovering the subtle hidden watermark.
    has analyzed
    analyzes
    had been analyzing
    was analyzed
  • The historical society _____ rare ancient artifacts from private collections since the main museum branch reopened last autumn.
    acquires
    had acquired
    was acquiring
    has been acquiring
  • She realized that her research team _____ on the incorrect dataset for days before the statistical error was discovered.
    has worked
    works
    was worked
    had been working
  • She _____ all the necessary experimental evidence before she submitted her proposal to the ethics board.
    was already gathering
    had already gathered
    has already gathered
    already gathers
  • The defense attorney argued that his client _____ in his office when the incident took place.
    had been working
    works
    was worked
    has worked
  • The lead investigator realized mid-interview that the suspect _____ about his whereabouts all along.
    lies
    has lied
    was lied
    had been lying
  • The structural engineering firm _____ the durability of high-density materials since the construction project began last spring.
    has been testing
    was testing
    tested
    had tested
  • The system administrator _____ the firewall security protocols when an unexpected power outage corrupted the local database.
    had been updated
    updates
    was updating
    has updated
  • The veteran diplomat admitted that negotiators _____ to reach a peaceful resolution behind closed doors for over a month.
    strive
    were striven
    had been striving
    have striven
  • They _____ for a suitable investment property for almost a year before finding this off-market commercial lot.
    had been searching
    search
    were searched
    have searched
  • The regulatory authority _____ a full-scale investigation into the corporation following recent allegations of financial misconduct.
    launches
    has launched
    was launched
    had been launching
  • The federal regulatory authority _____ strict sanctions against non-compliant financial institutions for over five consecutive years now.
    had imposed
    has been imposing
    was imposing
    imposes
  • He realized he lost his security clearance badge only after he _____ through his entire briefcase twice.
    has been searching
    searches
    had searched
    was searching
  • She _____ the draft contract when her colleague called to inform her of the sudden policy alteration.
    has carefully reviewed
    carefully reviews
    was carefully reviewing
    had been carefully reviewed
  • She abruptly turned off the computer because a suspicious network error message _____ twice already.
    appears
    has been appearing
    was appearing
    had appeared
  • The author finally submitted her manuscript yesterday after she _____ the final chapter three times.
    painstakingly rewrites
    has painstakingly rewritten
    had painstakingly rewritten
    was painstakingly rewriting
  • The regional director _____ the execution of over twenty infrastructure projects since taking office last January.
    had been overseeing
    has overseen
    oversaw
    was overseen
  • The research institute _____ groundbreaking studies on renewable energy storage solutions ever since receiving the state grant.
    conducted
    had conducted
    was conducting
    has been conducting
  • The pharmaceutical company _____ clinical trials on the experimental vaccine since early last year with highly promising outcomes.
    was running
    has been running
    runs
    had run
  • He _____ any official notification from the admissions department regarding his application status yet.
    had not been receiving
    was not received
    has not received
    did not receive
  • The scientific panel published their findings only after peer reviewers _____ the absolute validity of the empirical data.
    had confirmed
    confirm
    have confirmed
    were confirming
  • The archaeologists discovered that the ancient manuscript _____ in a sealed airtight chamber for centuries.
    was preserving
    had been preserving
    had been preserved
    has been preserved
  • The flight crew _____ the severe weather system long before air traffic control issued the compulsory rerouting order.
    have monitored
    monitor
    were monitored
    had been monitoring
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