CH. 14

3. The spinal cord typically ends at which vertebral level? A) C7 B) T12 C) L1 D) L5

16. The posterior ramus of a spinal nerve innervates: A) The anterior trunk and limbs B) Visceral organs only C) Deep back muscles and skin of the back D) The diaphragm

6. How many pairs of spinal nerves are found in the human body? A) 24 B) 28 C) 31 D) 33

12. The denticulate ligaments function to: A) Produce CSF B) Anchor/stabilize the spinal cord C) Store calcium D) Form nerve plexuses

20. Sensory pathways always begin with which type of neuron? A) Secondary neuron B) Tertiary neuron C) Upper motor neuron D) Primary neuron

10. Epidural anesthesia is administered into which space? A) Subarachnoid space B) Subdural space C) Epidural space D) Pia mater

5. Which spinal cord enlargement contains neurons that innervate the upper limbs? A) Lumbar enlargement B) Cervical enlargement C) Sacral enlargement D) Coccygeal bulge

21. Which sensory pathway carries information about fine touch and joint position? A) Spinothalamic pathway B) Spinocerebellar pathway C) Posterior funiculus–medial lemniscal pathway D) Corticospinal pathway

19. The femoral nerve primarily innervates the: A) Medial thigh muscles B) Anterior thigh muscles C) Posterior thigh muscles D) Gluteal region

7. The posterior (dorsal) root contains: A) Motor neurons B) Sensory neurons C) Mixed neurons D) Autonomic neurons only

14. Sensory tracts are also known as: A) Descending tracts B) Ascending tracts C) Direct pathways D) Lateral pathways

2. The spinal cord is continuous with the: A) Pons B) Cerebellum C) Medulla oblongata D) Thalamus

1. Which is NOT a general function of the spinal cord? A) Structural link between brain and body B) Sensory input and motor output C) Integration center for spinal reflexes D) Conscious thought processing

15. A pathway that crosses from one side of the CNS to the other is said to: A) Repolarize B) Decussate C) Segment D) Reflex

4. The tapered end of the spinal cord is called the: A) Filum terminale B) Conus medullaris C) Cauda equina D) Dural cone

22. Direct motor pathways include: A) Lateral and anterior corticospinal tracts B) Spinothalamic tracts C) Spinocerebellar tracts D) Posterior funiculus tracts

18. The largest and longest nerve in the body is the: A) Femoral nerve B) Phrenic nerve C) Obturator nerve D) Sciatic nerve

11. Which meninx directly adheres to the spinal cord surface? A) Dura mater B) Arachnoid mater C) Pia mater D) Subdural membrane

23. A reflex that involves only a sensory neuron and a motor neuron is classified as: A) Ipsilateral B) Contralateral C) Polysynaptic D) Monosynaptic

9. The cauda equina consists of: A) Descending motor tracts B) Cranial nerves C) Nerve roots inferior to the spinal cord D) Only sacral nerves

13. White matter regions of the spinal cord are divided into: A) Roots B) Horns C) Funiculi D) Plexuses

24. The withdrawal (flexor) reflex is: A) Ipsilateral and monosynaptic B) Ipsilateral and polysynaptic C) Contralateral and monosynaptic D) Contralateral and polysynaptic

17. Which plexus gives rise to the phrenic nerve? A) Brachial B) Lumbar C) Cervical D) Sacral

8. The posterior root ganglion contains the cell bodies of: A) Multipolar neurons B) Bipolar neurons C) Unipolar sensory neurons D) Interneurons