21. During the absolute refractory period: A. Only K+ channels are open B. Na+ channels are closed with inactivation gate C. Another AP can be generated with a strong stimulus D. Summation can occur
Na+ channels are closed with inactivation gate
24. Which neurotransmitter is inhibitory in 1/3 of brain synapses? A. Glutamate B. GABA C. Acetylcholine D. Dopamine
GABA
9. Which structure wraps individual axons within a nerve? A. Epineurium B. Perineurium C. Endoneurium D. Myoneurium
Endoneurium
15. Which ion movement primarily causes depolarization during an AP? A. K+ out B. Cl– in C. Na+ in D. Ca++ out
Na+ in
7. Bipolar neurons contain: A. One process B. Several dendrites and one axon C. One dendrite and one axon D. No dendrites
One dendrite and one axon
2. Which division contains tracts and nuclei? A. CNS B. PNS C. ANS D. SNS
CNS
4. What structure contains Nissl bodies? A. Axon terminals B. Schwann cell C. Cell body D. Myelin sheath
Cell body
20. What determines stimulus intensity in the nervous system? A. Size of AP B. Speed of AP C. Length of axon D. Frequency of APs
Frequency of APs
17. Graded potentials occur mainly on: A. Axon terminals B. Nodes of Ranvier C. Dendrites and cell body D. Myelin sheath
Dendrites and cell body
16. What restores the resting membrane potential after hyperpolarization? A. Voltage-gated Ca++ channels B. Na+/K+ pump C. Ligand-gated channels D. Passive diffusion of Cl–
Na+/K+ pump
13. Which structure allows possible regeneration in the PNS? A. Astrocyte processes B. Neurilemma C. Nodes of Ranvier D. Ependymal cell lining
Neurilemma
11. Which neuroglial cell is phagocytic? A. Astrocyte B. Satellite cell C. Microglia D. Ependymal cell
Microglia
23. Excitatory Post-Synaptic Potential typically result from: A. Opening Cl− channels B. Opening K+ channels C. Opening Na+ ligand-gated channels D. Closing Ca++ channels
Opening Na+ ligand-gated channels
1. Which of the following is not a basic function of the nervous system? A. Collect information B. Process and evaluate information C. Produce hormones D. Initiate a response to information
Produce hormones
6. Which direction does anterograde axonal transport move? A. Toward the cell body B. Toward synaptic end bulbs C. To the nucleus D. To the dendrites only
Toward synaptic end bulbs
10. Which neuroglial cell forms the blood-brain barrier? A. Microglia B. Astrocytes C. Ependymal cells D. Schwann cells
Astrocytes
3. Which cell type forms the myelin sheath in the CNS? A. Schwann cells B. Astrocytes C. Microglia D. Oligodendrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
12. Schwann cells form: A. Myelin sheath in CNS B. Myelin sheath in PNS C. Blood-brain barrier D. Cerebrospinal fluid
Myelin sheath in PNS
18. Summation of graded potentials can occur because: A. GP have all-or-none response B. GP have no refractory period C. GP only travel down the axon D. GP use voltage-gated channels
GP have no refractory period
8. Which type of neuron carries information to the CNS? A. Motor (efferent) B. Sensory (afferent) C. Interneurons D. Pyramidal neurons
Sensory (afferent)
22. What initiates NT release at the synaptic end bulb? A. Na+ entering the cell B. K+ leaving the cell C. Opening of voltage-gated Ca++ channels D. Opening of ligand-gated Na+ channels
Opening of voltage-gated Ca++ channels
14. Gray matter contains mostly: A. Myelinated axons B. Unmyelinated axons and cell bodies C. Only dendrites D. Only neuroglia
Unmyelinated axons and cell bodies
5. The axon hillock is also known as the: A. Trigger zone B. Receptive zone C. Transmissive zone D. Recovery zone
Trigger zone
19. Saltatory conduction occurs because: A. Axons lack Na+ channels B. AP jumps between Nodes of Ranvier C. Myelin conducts electricity directly D. GP trigger AP only at dendrites
AP jumps between Nodes of Ranvier
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