My mom started preparing for dinner 2 hours ago. -> My mom has ....
My mom has prepared for dinner for 2 hours.
They have never travelled to Nha Trang before. -> This is the first time ....
This is the first time they have travelled to Nha Trang.
It is not necessary for young people to go to university after high school. (not have to)
Young people don't have to to go to university after high school.
They (build) the new stadium in 2012.
They built the new stadium in 2012.
We have never read Harry Potter before. -> This is the first time ....
This is the first time we have read Harry Potter.
Her son (suffer) from heart disease since he was born.
Her son has suffered from heart disease since he was born.
I have done this exercise routine for 10 years. -> I started .....
I started doing this exercise routine 10 years ago.
I (not buy) the ingredients for the cake yet.
I haven't bought the ingredients for the cake yet.
Alexander Fleming (discover) penicillin in 1928.
Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928.
Parents are not allowed to leave their young children alone at home. (must not)
Parents must not leave their young children alone at home. (must not)
People are not allowed to post rude comments on school website. (must not)
People must not post rude comments on school website.
Tom started to learn Chinese 5 years ago. -> Tom has .....
Tom has learned Chinese for 5 years.
My grandfather (do) regular exercise since he was 30.
My grandfather has done regular exercise since he was 30.
Mike has worked at McDonald's since 1968. -> Mike started .....
Mike started to work/working at McDonald's in 1968.
My aunt's family (move) to New York last month.
My aunt's family moved to New York last month.