I didn’t study, so I failed the exam. (if)
If I had studied, I wouldn’t have failed.
He didn’t see the sign, so he got lost. (if)
If he had seen the sign, he wouldn’t have got lost.
She is too young to drive. (if)
If she were older, she could drive.
I won’t help you if you don’t ask politely.
I won’t help you unless you ask politely.
I didn’t call you because I lost my phone. (if)
If I hadn’t lost my phone, I would have called you.
You eat too much junk food, so you’re unhealthy. (if)
If you didn’t eat so much junk food, you’d be healthier.
We won’t go out if it rains. (unless)
We won’t go out unless it stops raining.
They didn’t tell me the truth, so I got angry. (if)
If they had told me the truth, I wouldn’t have got angry.
I won’t be able to meet you tomorrow afternoon because I have lots of emails to answer. (2nd conditional)
If I didn’t have lots of emails to answer, I would be able to meet you tomorrow afternoon.
The bull will attack you only if you move.
➡️ Unless you move, the bull won’t attack you.
I’m not taller. (I wish)
I wish I were taller.
I didn’t go to the concert last night. (I wish)
I wish I had gone to the concert last night.
She can’t play the guitar. (if only)
If only she could play the guitar.
I advise you to switch off the phone. (2nd conditional)
If I were you, I would switch off the phone.
I’m very busy, so I can’t rest. (if only)
If only I weren’t so busy, I could rest.