Study

Cells and microbes

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  • Plants take in oxygen for respiration through the stomata holes on their leaves.
  • The cell membranes on root hair cells are very thin so that water can go through them easily.
  • These reactions release energy from food.
  • When living things use oxygen to release energy from food, it’s called respiration.
  • It lets in substances that are useful to the cell.
  • These cells are very long.
  • There’s only very little oxygen in water at the bottom of the ocean. Microbes that live here can get energy from their food without oxygen.
  • They grow from the root into the soil.
  • Root hair cells collect most of the water that the plant needs and uses.
  • People and other animals take in oxygen by breathing it in through their mouth or nose.
  • The cell membrane works like the doors that only let people in to a sports match if they have a ticket!
  • Mitochondria are tiny parts inside the cytoplasm of all cells, and they take energy from food.
  • Inside the mitochondria, chemical reactions happen between oxygen and sugar.
  • Plants, animals, and microbes need energy to stay alive. The cells of all living things take this energy from food.
  • During respiration, cells make waste carbon dioxide.
  • The cell membrane has little holes that let in substances that are useful to the cell.
  • It lets oxygen and sugar come into the cell for respiration.
  • This is when a substance moves from where there’s more of that substance to another place where there’s less of it.
  • When animals move very fast, like when people run in a race or play a fast game of soccer, their muscle cells use a lot of energy.
  • Most substances move into a cell by diffusion.
  • All chemical reactions make waste.
  • When there’s more waste carbon dioxide inside a cell than outside it, the carbon dioxide moves out of the cell.
  • The cell membrane lets carbon dioxide and other waste leave the cell.
  • Then it goes into the lungs and animals breathe it out.
  • The cell membrane controls what goes in and out of every cell.
  • These cells need more energy from food so that they can keep working.
  • Cells that use a lot of energy, like the cells in muscle tissue and nerve tissue, have a lot of mitochondria.
  • Plant roots have a type of cell called a root hair cell.
  • When there’s more oxygen in an animal’s blood than in its other cells, the oxygen moves from the blood into other cells.
  • Plant and animal cells use oxygen from the air for respiration.
  • So animals start to breathe faster to take in more oxygen for respiration.