Who made up the upper class in Egyptian society and how did they live?
nobles, generals, and priests/ cities and large estates along the Nile servants waited on them
What was The Book of the Dead?
a collection of prayers and magic spells.
Why did the Egyptians build pyramids?
held the bodies of pharaohs. Pyramids protected bodies from floods, wild animals, & grave robbers. Held things p may need n afterlife; clothes, jewels, furnitur
What topic did much of the art work involve?
religion / pharaohs
As religious leader, what did the pharaoh do?
First to cut the grain at harvest time. Egyptians believed pharaoh was son of Re, Egyptian Sun god. They believed he protected them during hard times.
What colors were used most in paintings?
Blue, black, red, green and gold
What can we learn about the ancient Egyptians from their art?
what they look like, what kind of clothes they wore, what jobs they worked, & what they considered important.
Who was at the very top of Egyptian society?
the pharaoh and his family
Who worked n the pyramids?
farmers, surveyors, engineers, carpenters, stone cutters, and enslaved ppl
What did each pyramid sit on and which direction did the pyramid's entrance face?
square base/ north
what materials were used for smaller sculptures?
various materials including alabaster, ivory, basalt, limestone, wood gilded with gold, and sometimes even solid gold.
what type of art was placed in the tomb of pharaohs?
paintings and sculptures
government official
bureaucrat
Name 5 Egyptian achievements.
astronomy, 365 day calendar, geometry/mathematics, a system of written numbers, fractions
Describe life in the Old Kingdom in Egypt.
Egyptians built cities and expanded trade. Pharaohs set up theocracy government.
What were the duties of the bureaucrats that the pharaoh appointed?
In charge of irrigation canals & crop planting. Made sure grain was saved to help ppl get through tough times, controlled trade & collected tax pmts from farmer
How was Egypt and Mesopotamia alike
They were located on a river, both farmed and used trade, both worshiped many gods, used irrigation, had a govt and laws, & both had social groups
Who is Queen Nefertiti?
Ramses the Great's wife
What was Egyptians view of life after death?
life after death was better than present life. They thought the dead made a long journey. At the end, they reached a place of peace.
How many people worked on the pyramids? for how long?
thousands of people/many years
How did the egyptians know how to find the true north?
they studied the sky
The pharaoh had total power. Name some of his powers.
Use all the land in Egypt any way he wanted. Orders obeyed without question. Appointed bureaucrats.
Why did Egyptian study the Book of the Dead?
To learn the spells and try to lead good lives. They believed that if they did these things the god Osiris would grant them life after death.
the process of preserving dead bodies by removing organs and then drying and wrapping the body in cloth
embalming
How were the pyramids built?
Workers found stone. Artisans cut into blocks/Others tied blocks 2 sleds and pulled 2 barges/Floated 2 site/Workers unloaded, pushed blocks up ramps/set n place
What did embalming teach the Egyptians?
about the human body and how to treat illnesses. they wrote down what they learned in the world's first medical books.
Why was their a need for the Egyptians to develop and use mathematics and geometry?
They had to figure out the amount of stone and the angles for the walls of the pyramids.
Who comprised the lower class in Egyptian society and how did they live?
Farmers, unskilled workers, & enslaved people/ largest class, most farmers lived in one room mud homes & unskilled workers lived in small homes with dirt floors
what kinds of art was often found in temples?
large statues of their gods as well as many paintings on the walls
Describe religion in Egypt
Affected every part of life. Egy worshiped many gods and goddesses. Believed the gods controlled nature. Sun god, Re important bc sun necessary for good crop
a great stone tomb built for an Egyptian pharaoh
pyramid
How did the many paintings survive of 1000s of years
extremely dry climate of the area
When did the Old Kingdom begin in Egypt and how long did it last?
2600 B.C. about 400 years
why was art placed in the tombs of pharaohs?
to help them to the afterlife
What happened to a majority of the art hidden in the temples?
Stolen over 1000s of years
What rights did ancient Egyptian women have?
They had the right to own property, buy and sell goods, and get divorced.
give 2 examples of ancient Egyptian giant sculptures.
the Great Sphyx of Giza and the statue of Ramsies II at the Abu Stunbel temples
Around what year did the Egyptians build the Great Pyramid?
2540 B.C.
Why did the Egyptians invent embalming?
They believed if pharaoh soul reached afterlife he'd protect Egypt. To live in afterlife soul needed a body. Eventually, believed all ppl could reach afterlife.
Name 5 of pharaoh's duties
unify Egypt, lead during good and bad times, hire bureaucrats, give orders, participate in religious ceremonies
Describe family life in ancient Egypt.
father headed the family. few Egyptians sent their children to school. Mothers taught daughters to run a household. Boys learned job skills from fathers.
how long is the Sphinx?
240 ft. long
Ruler of ancient Egypt
pharaoh
Where is the Great Pyramid located? How high is it? How many blocks is it made up of?
10 miles south of the modern city of Cairo in Giza, about 48 story building, more than 2 million stone blocks
Who made up the middle class and how did they live?
merchants, artisans, shopkeepers/ they ran businesses or made goods/ lived in smaller homes than upper class
A government in which the same person is the political and religious leader.
Theocracy
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