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Biology Revision II

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  • What is unique about the crocodilian heart compared to other reptiles?
    The crocodilian heart is unique because it has a fully divided four-chambered structure, allowing complete separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
  • Name 4 shapes of leaves
    Oval , Lanceolate, cordate, oblong, ovate
  • Birds have two stomaches can you name them + function?
    he proventriculus, which secretes digestive enzymes, and the gizzard, which grinds the food.
  • Name the parts of the flower D,E,F,C
    c) STYLE D) STIGMA E)ANTHER F)FILAMENT
  • Why is the Krebs cycle also called the citric acid cycle?
    because citric acid is the first stable compound formed in the cycle.
  • Name 5 species of sharks.
    white, hammerhead,tiger,whale, basking shark
  • What is the function of lorenzini ampullae in sharks?
    i allow sharks to detect weak electric fields in the water, helping them locate prey and navigate.
  • Name fins of the fish.
    Dorsal fin (1 or 2) Tail (caudal) fin (1) Pectoral fins (2) Pelvic fins (2) Anal fin (1)
  • Why are scales of the shark different?
    they are made of dentin, like sandpaper
  • What is the main function of root hairs?
    to increase the surface area of roots for better absorption of water and minerals from the soil
  • Describe the stages of the frog’s life cycle.
    egg, tadpole (larva), tadpole with legs, and adult frog.
  • How many chambers does fish heart have?
    2
  • Does glycolysis (cellular respiration) require oxygen to occur?
    NO
  • What are the three main types of mammals based on reproduction?
    monotremes (egg-laying), marsupials (pouch-developing), and placentals (womb-developing with a placenta).
  • This is __________ venation
    palmate
  • Provide 3 characteristics of chordates:
    Notochord, Pharyngeal slits, Post-anal tail, closed circulatory system,
  • How is skeleton of birds adapted for flying?
    by being lightweight with hollow bones, having a fused backbone for stability, and a large breastbone (keel) for flight muscle attachment.
  • What is the role of the cambium in the stem?
    produces new (Secondary) xylem and phloem cells, allowing the stem to grow thicker.
  • Why is the respiratory system of birds unique?
    because it includes air sacs that allow a continuous flow of air through the lungs
  • How many daughter cells are produced at the end of mitosis, and are they genetically identical or different?
    two daughter cells are produced, and they are genetically identical
  • which organism
    Echinoderms (sea stars)
  • Which phase of the cell cycle is when DNA is copied?
    DNA is copied during the S phase (Synthesis phase) of the cell cycle.
  • Why is ATP energy currency of the cell?
    because energy is stored in the high-energy phosphate bonds of the ATP molecule.
  • Name 10 species of fish
    :)
  • What is Biological regression?
    Larva (tunicates) is better developed than adult
  • What is the role of the placenta in placental mammals?
    provides nutrients and oxygen to the developing fetus and removes waste products.
  • What is cloaca? Who has it?
    In amphibians, reptiles, and birds, the body cavity with a single opening called the cloaca collects and excretes wastes from the digestive and excretory system
  • Reptile skin can be covered with:
    scales, scutes, plates
  • How do fish breath?
    Fish breathe by drawing water into their mouth, passing it over the gill arches protected by the operculum, where oxygen is absorbed.
  • what is jacobsons organ and who has it?
    is a sensory organ used to detect chemical signals (like pheromones) in the environment, and it is found in many reptiles (such as snakes and lizards)
  • What is the material shark's skeleton is made of?
    cartilage
  • Give 3 examples of marsupials
    Kangaroo Koala Wombat Opossum Tasmanian devil
  • How many chromosomes do human cells have before and after mitosis?
    Human cells have 46 chromosomes before mitosis, and after mitosis, each daughter cell also has 46 chromosomes.
  • What is the main function of the xylem tissue in plants?
    main function of xylem tissue is to transport water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.
  • What is selective permeability?
    the ability of a cell membrane to allow certain substances to pass through while blocking others.
  • Name cold blooded (Ectotherms) vertebrates (classes)
    Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish, e.g. sharks, rays) Osteichthyes (bony fish) Amphibia (amphibians) Reptilia (reptiles)
  • what is water photolysis and where it happens?
    is the light-driven splitting of water into oxygen, protons, and electrons, and it happens during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis
  • What is the total ATP yield from one glucose?
    about 36 -38 ATP
  • What are the three main types of ground tissue in plants?
    ground tissue in plants are parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma.
  • who has Cutaneous respiration?
    Amphibians
  • Name types of feather and their function.
    I. Down feathers – soft and fluffy, trap air for insulation. II. Contour feathers – give shape and color. III. Flight feathers – on wings and tail flying
  • What are 4 stomaches of herbivore mammals?
    Rumen Reticulum Omasum Abomasum
  • What is the function of Aristotle's lantern? Who has it?
    pecialized feeding apparatus in sea urchins
  • During which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur, and why is it important?
    Crossing over happens during prophase I of meiosis, and it is important because it creates genetic variation by exchanging DNA between chromosomes.
  • Which type of ground tissue is responsible for photosynthesis?
    Parenchyma tissue
  • What are 3 super-orders of birds?
    FLIGHTLESS BIRDS, SWIMMING BIRDS,FLYING BIRDS
  • What is difference between Oviparous, Ovoviviparous, Viviparous organisms?
    Oviparous = lays eggs Ovoviviparous = Keep eggs inside their body until they hatch. Viviparous = live birth, direct nourishment
  • Where is the meristem tissue found, and what is its role?
    Meristem tissue is found at the tips of roots and stem, and its role is to enable plant growth
  • How many daughter cells are produced at the end of meiosis, and what is their chromosome number compared to the parent cell?
    four daughter cells are produced, each with half the chromosome number (haploid n=23)
  • What is chorda dorsalis or notochord?
    The notochord is a flexible, rod-like structure that supports the embryo in vertebrates, and in adults, its remnants persist as part of the intervertebral discs
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