Who became the joint rulers of Castile and Aragon in 1479?
Ferdinand and Isabella
What does the name Netherlands mean? why was it appropriately named?
low lands; Netherlands lies below sea level
What did Ferdinand II want to do to Bohemia?
To return Bohemia to Romanism by force, if necessary
Under what king did Portugal begin its rise to glory in the 14th century?
King John I
What was signed at the end of the Thirty years of War?
Peace of Westphalia
What reputation did the Scandinavians have in medieval Europe?
very primitive and did not practice feudalism
What was Spain's formal capital city?
Cordova
Who was the first European to reach India by sailing around Africa?
Vasco da Gama
The Hapsburg's territory eventually became which country?
Austria
Whose coronation marks the birth of the French nation?
Hugh Capet
What were the consequences of the Peasant's Revolt?
the German people became worse off than they had been before the revolt
How did Luther counsel the nobles and the common people when they were at odds with each other?
to the nobles-give the poor some freedom ; to the peasants- be patient
What is another name for Portugal?
Lusitania
What was Switzerland's name under Roman Empire?
Helvetia
Who discovered Brazil?
Pedro Cabral
Who was known as the "lady king"?
Margrete of Denmark
What was the phrase that describes the Jesuits philosophy?
"The end justifies the means"
What was decided by the Peace of Augsburg?
It gave official approval to the territorial, state-established church concept in Germany
Explain the "Twelve Articles"
a list of peasants' grievance
What year did Switzerland won its complete territory
1499
what countries does the region of Scandinavia include? must include ALL of them (5 in total)
Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Iceland
Who were the Jesuits? what were their goals? (must give two answers)
a religious organization; their goal was to form a group of men absolutely dedicated to the pope and the Roman church
Who sailed all the way to the tip of Africa?
Bartolomeu Dias