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Year 10 Evolution and Natural Selection

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  • State 2 methods of selective breeding
    Cross breeding and interbreeding
  • What is meant by the term isolation in the process of speciation
    Different groups of the population are prevented in some way from interbreeding
  • Embryology provides evidence for evolution by showing what?
    similar early stage development in related species
  • Which type of preserving environment best preserves soft tissues?
    Amber
  • Why must variation exist for speciation to occur?
    This is because natural selection is involved and selection can only act on variation that is already present in a population
  • Name 3 types of fossils
    Original, Replacement, Carbon film, indirect, petrification
  • What is biodiversity
    Biodiversity refers to the number and range of different species that exist on Earth
  • What are selection pressures?
    The effect of the selective agents on the population are known as selective pressures.
  • Which scientific technique allows scientists to compare genetic material between species?
    DNA analysis
  • What are vestigial structures?
    a body part that doesn’t seem to have a function at this time
  • What is cross breeding?
    This is the process of crossing one individual with a desirable feature with another individual with a different desirable features. Hopefully, the offspring sh
  • What is a selective agent?
    The environmental factors that act on the population
  • How are Stromatolites formed?
    Sediment sticks to the surface of the living algae, forming a crust. The algae grow through the sediment to form a new layer of living matter
  • What is the fossil record?
    a record of the different types of organisms that lived in the past
  • What is a climate barrier?
    rainfall, temperature, salinity, ocean current, sunlight
  • What does the relative dating technique do?
    It compares the age of one fossil with another to determine which is older
  • What is meant by the term selection in the process of speciation?
    Once groups of populations are isolated, natural selection affects the genotype of each group, leads to changes that prevent groups from breeding
  • What is a fossil?
    Fossils are the preserved evidence in rocks or soil of organisms that once existed on earth
  • Explain how the peppered moth population turned mostly black due to environmental pressures.
    The black moths blended into the trees more than the white moths, meaning they lived longer and passed on their genes more frequiently
  • What is geographical isolation
    Where there is a geographical barrier - mountain, river, ocean or gorge in the way
  • What is the process of speciation?
    1. Variation, 2. Isolation, 3. Selection, 4. New species produced
  • What are stromatolites?
    Stromatolites are laminated fossils formed by blue-green algae and sediment
  • Homologous structures are evidence for
    a common ancestor
  • What is a species?
    A species is a group of similar individuals that interbreed to produce fertile offspring under natural conditions
  • Name 2 types of absolute dating techniques
    Radioactive dating and tree rings
  • What is natural selection?
    The process by which an environmental factor acts on a population, results in survival of the fittest
  • What is Embryology?
    studying organisms at the very early stages of development to see how they are similar
  • State the 5 things used as evidence for evolution
    Fossil record, comparative anatomy, Embryology, Vestigial structures, DNA
  • Name the 5 types of preserving environments
    Tar/Asphalt, dry air, amber, permafrost, peat
  • What is direct evidence of past life and evolutionary change?
    Fossil record
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