Royal Courts heard the most serious criminal cases.
How did the crime of witchcraft show a change in CRIME
Women were tried and executed for witchcraft (they weren't in the Medieval period)
What % of the population trust the police today?
0.58
Where were many prisoners transported to in the 19th century?
Australia
What is homicide?
Murder
What was the role of the thief-taker?
They acted as 'bounty hunters' and were rewarded for catching criminals.
Give one reason why transportation ended
"1) Some thought that it was inhumane. 2) It cost a lot. 3) The Australian colony objected to being a prison colony. 4) a 'soft punishment
IP - What was the most common form of crime?
Petty theft (80%)
EMP - Why did people become INCREASINGLY concerned about vagrancy?
The printing press published pamphlets by people like Thomas Harman who explained that they were criminals.
What was a bridewell?
A 'prison' where vagrants were forced to work. They were also known as 'houses of correction'.
When was capital punishment abolished?
1969
Medieval period - Where were executions held? Why?
In public so that people could be warned about the consequence of crime.
What was the Bloody Code?
A law code which increased the amount of crimes that were punishable by death to 200
Who passed the Metropolitan Police Act in 1829?
Robert Peel (Home Secretary)
What were Justices of the Peace?
JPs were responsible for hearing court cases four times a year (after 1388).
How did law courts change in the Industrial period?
Lawyers were used more frequently and trials became more formal.
When did the crime rate begin to increase in the 20th century?
1920s and 1930s - economic problems
MP - Give an alternative to imprisonment for criminals
Probation / Parole/ Community Service
Why was the government concerned with public executions?
They were seen as 'festivals' and could lead to other crimes like pickpocketing.
What were manor courts?
These dealt with most crimes and they dealt with the crimes committed by villeins (or the wider local community from 1250).
MP - What is a consumer society?
A society where people spend more of their wages to buy products.
What happened to the population of England between 1550 and 1650?
It doubled.
What happened to Britain between 1750-1900?
It became the wealthiest nation in the word because of industrialisation.
What was wrong with prisons before 1823?
They were 'schools of crime' and people died of 'gaol fever'.
What happened to the rate of executions in the Industrial period?
It decreased significantly. In 1800-1809 there was 871 executions. By 1830-1839 there was only 297.
What has happened to the prison population in the 20th and 21st century?
It has increased rapidly
EMP - What law enforcement role became more important?
The Justice of the Peace became more important than sheriffs.
What is heresy?
Having beliefs different than the Church
What was the 'new drop'
The criminal would fall through a trap door to die more quickly.
What was the purpose of a medieval gaol (jail)?
They were used to hold prisoners before they had a trial.
How did the government raise most of its income?
They put very high taxes on luxury goods (30% tax).
Why might some women avoid the death penalty?
They were pregnant.
How many women are police officers today?
Approx 37,000
What is scolding?
Using offensive and abusive language (mostly applied to women)
Why did Britain gain access to luxury goods between 1600 and 1750?
Because of trading companies like the East India Company
IP - What were the three main reasons for crime increasing in this period?
Industrialisation, urbanisation, urban and rural poverty rates
What is vagrancy?
Peasants left their land to find work with better pay elsewhere.
What is treason?
Where you are not loyal to authority, can be the King/Lord or even your husband (the head of the family!)
MP- When did the rate of crime spike?
After 1955
Why did people smuggle goods into Britain?
People wanted to pay less money for luxury goods - many wealthy landowners supported it.
Where were young offenders sent in the early 20th century?
Borstals
EMP - What happened to the influence of manor and church courts?
It declined.
What happened to the amount of executions in the 17th century?
They decreased
Who were the Puritans?
Very strict Protestants who rejected Catholicism and wanted people to become more moral.
What is a famine?
When the harvest fails and there is very little food so people die
What happened to the amount of crime between 1550 and 1700?
It dramatically increased before dramatically decreasing.
When were detectives first used?
1842
What is sanctuary?
A criminal could run to a church for safety. They had 40 days to confess their sin - they could then leave the country forever.
Why have there been tensions between UK citizens and migrants?
There is a fear that migrants take British jobs and houses.
What was the role of officers in the Metropolitan Police?
3000 constables patrolled their areas (a beat) in order to prevent crime. They also clamped down on 'offensive behaviour' (like excessive drinking).
What was a cucking stool / ducking stool?
The offender was tied to a stool and dragged around the village or dunked in a river to humiliate them
What was the printing press and what was its impact?
A device that made it quicker to print pamphlets and newspapers. By 1750, there were over 30 newspapers.
What was the main punishment in the medieval period?
Fines
What was the main form of humiliation in towns?
The use of the stocks or pillory - criminals had to sit/stand in public and had the public laugh/throw things at them.
What was the Separate System?
Prisoners were kept in inidvidual cells where they worked, prayed and reflected on their crimes. They had very little contact with other people and some committ
Why were people hanged, drawn and quartered?
For committing high treason or counterfeiting gold/silver coins (making fake coins)
EMP - Who brought the majority of cases to law enforcement?
The victim of the crime.
EMP - What religious movement was causing religious instability?
The Reformation
Why did Highway Robbery increase?
More people travelled by road and they took their valuables with them.
What is the Scold's bridle?
A heavy iron frame that stopped women from talking. It was used as a punishment for nagging or gossiping.
What was the Black Death?
A disease that struck Britain in 1348 and killed approx. 3.5 million people in Britain.
How did the Puritans change the nature of crime?
They increased the amount of moral crimes in order to make people less sinful (i.e. illegal to drink, go to the theatre etc.)
What is the hue and cry?
The victim had to shout and everyone who heard them had to help to hunt down the criminal.
Define the punishment - "deterrence"
To use fear to stop people from committing crimes.
When did cyber crime begin to happen in the UK?
From the 1990s because of the popularisation of computers.
What was the Benefit of Clergy?
If you knew Psalm 51 (the 'neck verse') you would not be executed.
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