process of infusing an alkaline (negative) product into the tissues from the negative pole toward the positive pole
Anaphoresis
flow of electricity along a conductor
electric current
unit that measures how much electric energy is being used in one second
watt
also known as insulator; a material that does not transmit electricity
nonconductor
substances that speed up chemical reactions
Catalysts
also known as violet ray; thermal or heat-producing current with a high rate of oscillation or vibration that is commonly used for scalp and facial treatments
Tesla high-frequency current
negative electrode of an electrotherapy device; the cathode is usually black and is marked with an N or a minus (−) sign
cathode
1.1,000 of an ampere
milliampere
electrode of an electrotherapy device that is used on the area to be treated
active electrode
unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes electric current forward through a conductor
volt
rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction; produced by mechanical means and changes directions 60 times per second
Alternating current
apparatus that changes direct current to alternating current
inverter
a condition that requires avoiding certain treatments, procedures, or products to prevent undesirable side effects
contraindication
name given to all of the forms of energy (or radiation) that exist
electromagnetic spectrum
also known as probe; applicator for directing electric current from an electrotherapy device to the client’s skin
electrode
unit that measures the strength of an electric current
ampere
the application of light rays to the skin for the treatment of wrinkles, capillaries, pigmentation, or hair removal
Light therapy
constant, even-flowing current that travels in one direction only and is produced by chemical means
Direct current
an extremely low level of electricity that mirrors the body’s natural electrical impulses
Microcurrent
positive electrode of an electrotherapy device; the anode is usually red and is marked with a P or a plus (+) sign
anode
process of fusing an acidic (positive) product into deeper tissues using galvanic current from the positive pole toward the negative pole
Cataphoresis
opposite pole from the active electrode
inactive electrode
switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric circuit at the first indication of overload
circuit breaker
invisible light that has a short wavelength (giving it higher energy), is less penetrating than visible light, causes chemical reactions to happen more quickly than visible light, produces less heat than visible light, and kills germs
Ultraviolet light
constant and direct current, having a positive and negative pole, that produces chemical changes when it passes through the tissues and fluids of the body
Galvanic current
1,000 watts
kilowatt
measurement of the distance between two wavelengths
waveform
apparatus that changes alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC)
rectifier
light at either end of the visible spectrum of light that is invisible to the naked eye
Invisible light
prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit
fuse
completes an electric circuit and carries the current safely away
Grounding
a form of anaphoresis; process used to soften and emulsify grease deposits (oil) and blackheads in the hair follicles
Desincrustation
positive or negative poles of an electric current
Polarity
distance between successive peaks of electromagnetic waves
wavelength
invisible light with longer wavelengths, deeper penetration, less energy, and more heat production than visible light; makes up 60 percent of natural sunlight
Infrared light
protects from electrical shock by interrupting a household circuit when there is a leak in the circuit
ground fault interrupter
currents used in electrical facial and scalp treatments
modalities
process of infusing water-soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current, such as the use of the positive and negative poles of a galvanic machine
Iontophoresis
use of electrical currents to treat the skin
electrotherapy
the movement of electrons from one atom to another along a conductor
Electricity
any material that conducts electricity
conductor
the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be seen; Visible light makes up only 35 percent of natural sunlight
Visible light
the path of negative and positive electric currents moving from the generating source through the conductors and back to the generating source
complete electric circuit
unit that measures the resistance of an electric current
ohm
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