state the structure and bonding present in potassium chloride.
structure = ionic lattice, bonding = ionic bonding
what colour in anhydrous copper(ii) sulfate?
white
name the apparatus needed to evaporate a solution of copper(ii) sulfate.
evaporating basin; gauze; Bunsen burner; tripod; heatproof mat
explain why graphite conducts electricity
Delocalised electrons can move and carry charge.
which subatomic particle has a relative charge of -1?
electron
name the process used to separate miscible liquids with boiling points close together
fractional distillation
what colour flame is observed when potassium reacts with water?
lilac
what is a covalent bond?
a shared pair of electrons
state the number of protons and electrons present in a sulfide ion
16P and 18E
water boils at 100oC. how would the boiling point change if some sodium chloride is added?
increases
what is the mass number of an atom that has 18 protons, 18 electrons and 22 neutrons? identify the element
40, argon
explain why a molten ionic compound can conduct electricity
Ions can move and carry charge
explain how a fluorine atom becomes a fluoride ion
gains an electron
write the formula for chromium(iii) nitrate
Cr(NO3)3
what is an indicator?
A substance that changes colour in acidic, alkaline and neutral solutions
what colour is copper(ii) nitrate solution?
blue
what is the name given to the weak forces of attraction between simple covalent molecules?
van der Waals’ forces of attraction
what is the test for hydrogen gas?
lit splint; pop
what is the name given to group 1 on the periodic table?
alkali metals
explain why metals like copper are ductile
Layers of positive ions can slide over the top of each other without disrupting the bonding
what is the filtrate in filtration?
filtered solution/liquid
the iodate ion is IO3-. write the formula for magnesium iodate.
Mg(IO3)2
how many lone pairs are present in a molecule of water?
2
what is meant by boiling point?
The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas
what is the general name given to the solid trapped by the filter paper in filtration?
residue
name a strong acid
hydrochloric acid/nitric acid/sulfuric acid
state the charge on an ion that has 23 protons and 20 electrons
3+
what is the name given to group 2 on the periodic table?
alkaLINE earth metals
write a half equation for the formation of a lithium ion from a lithium atom
Li --> Li+ + e-
what ion is present in alkalis?
OH− /hydroxide
a substance melts at 114oC and boils at 444oC. what state is the substance in at 300oC?
liquid
name the 3 allotropes of carbon
diamond, graphite, graphene
state one risk from the use of nanoparticles
unknown effects/may cause lung damage/may cause cell damage
what is the name given to group 7 on the periodic table?
halogens
what is used to test for carbon dioxide?
limewater/calcium hydroxide solution
state 2 properties of graphene
low density/flexible/good conductor of heat and electricity/transparent
what colour change is observed when chlorine reacts with sodium bromide solution?
colourless to orange
what colour is copper(ii) oxide?
black
what is the name of Fe2(SO4)3?
iron (iii) sulfate
what is meant by an ionic bond?
attraction between oppositely charged ions
what are the names of the 2 ions in NaCl?
sodium ion and chloride ion
How is an Rf value calculated?
Rf = distance moved by spot/distance moved by solvent
name the most reactive element in group 7
fluorine
what is an atom?
The simplest particle of an element that can exist on its own in a stable environment.
an element is in group 2 and period 3. identify the element and write the electronic configuration of an atom of the element.
magnesium 2,8,2
name the products of the reaction between sodium carbonate and sulfuric acid
sodium sulfate, carbon dioxide, water
what is meant by the term element?
A substance that consists of only one type of atom/cannot be broken down into anything simpler by chemical means.
name the products of the reaction of rubidium with water
rubidium hydroxide and hydrogen
what is the name given to atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons?
isotopes
what is the colour and state of bromine at room temperature and pressure?
red-brown liquid
write the formula of the compound formed between Li+ and S2- ions
Li2S
what does an Rf value of 0 mean?
spot has not moved
what is meant by the term 'mass number'?
total number of protons and neutrons in (the nucleus of) an atom
write the ionic equation for neutralisation including state symbols
H+ (aq) + OH− (aq) → H2O(l)
what is the electronic configuration of a N3- ion?
2,8
state the number of protons, electrons and neutrons in an aluminium atom,
13 protons, 13 electrons and 14 neutrons
an atom of element X has the electronic configuration 2,8,5. identify element X.
phosphorus
name and write the formula of the salt formed from the reaction between potassium carbonate and sulfuric acid
potassium sulfate and K2SO4
state one use of nanoparticles
suncreams
write the electron configuration of an oxygen atom.
2,6
calculate the RAM of silicon to 1dp if the isotopes have the following percentage abundances: 28Si (92.2%), 29Si (4.7%) and 30Si (3.1%).
28.1
state the test for chlorine gas
Damp universal indicator paper changes to red and then white.
what is an alloy?
A mixture of elements, atleast one of which is a metal and the resulting mixture has metallic properties
what are immiscible liquids?
Liquids that do not mix.
name the salt formed in the reaction between sodium hydroxide and nitric acid
sodium nitrate
what salt is produced when calcium reacts with ethanoic acid?
calcium ethanoate
state 2 features of the modern periodic table that are different from Mendeleev's table of elements
no gaps/more elements, in order of atomic number, group 8/0 and lanthanides/actinides present, block of transition metals present