What is the difference between ASSIMILATION and ACCOMMODATION?
Assimilation is relying on your existing schema to navigate the world. Accommodation happens when you update your schema with new information.
What is reliability?
Tests yield consistent results
Choose one fallacy to decision making and explain it
Gambler's- relying on probability when you shouldn't be; sunk-cost- keep doing something because you're already invested
Describe the difference between an aptitude test, and achievement test, and an intelligence test
Aptitude- predicts future success or capabilities; Achievement- tests learned info; Intelligence- gives score that can be compared to others
What is the difference between proactive and retroactive interference? Give an example of each.
Proactive is problems remembering new info because of old info; Retroactive is new learning impacting older memories/learned info
Identify these three types of memories: experiences, general knowledge, and skill based
Episodic Memory; Generic Memory; Procedural Memory
Explain the difference between Algorithm and Heuristic
Algorithm is going through every possible outcome or solution (computers do this); Heuristic is relying on shortcuts or "rule of thumb" (Human brains do this)
Give an example of a state dependent memory.
Losing your keys under the influence and remembering where they are the next time you are under the influence
Describe change blindness (perception).
When your focus or attention on one thing prevents you from processing a change happening right in front of you.
Describe the cocktail party effect.
Selective attention- in a room full of various stimuli you can focus in and only hear what you are paying attention to.
Explain a prototype and give an example.
The best example in a category. A wooden chair comes to mind first, that is my prototype for chair.
What did we learn from Ebbinghaus' nonsense syllable study?
We are better at remembering things when they hold meaning (semantics)
Which functions are associated with cognition? (name 3)
Thinking, processing, understanding, communication, memory
What is the "Serial Position Effect" (and what is it's other name?)
We remember things better based on where they fall in the list (primacy/recency effect says we remember what is first and last)
Explain how Long Term Potentiation is important to memory
At a cellular level synaptic strengthening can help storage of long term memory; stronger synaptic communication; more serotonin=stronger memories
Describe what a flashbulb memory is and give an example
Very vivid or clear memory because they event was special or emotionally charged or traumatic
What is validity?
A test measures what it is supposed to measure.
Describe the role of the Central Executive Memory
Controls/processes working memory; makes decisions based on past experiences; maintains tasks and goals
Define Perception
a process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events
Give an example of crystallized intelligence
Being very good at trivia or crossword puzzles
You are doing a jigsaw puzzle and you look at each piece individually, you try to match pieces that look like they will go together. What type of processing is this?
Bottom-Up Processing
What is the misinformation effect?
incorporation of misleading or false information into memory of an event.
Which principle of perception explains the tendency for vision to dominate the other senses.
Visual Capture
Explain the difference between Availability Heuristic and Representativeness Heuristic
Availability is what comes to mind first; representative is based on stereotypes
What is stereotype lift in testing? Give an example
an increase in a group’s test performance due to not being part of a negative stereotype
Come to the white board and draw the information processing model (three box model) of memory encoding.
Give an example of Fluid Intelligence
Being able to learn a new skill; thinking outside the box