SESSION 2: EQUIVALENCE AND MEANING

7. A translator changes the passive voice in English to active voice in Vietnamese to conform with natural usage. This is an example of: A. Textual equivalence B. Grammatical equivalence C. Word-level equivalence D. Above word-level equival

6. Which level would involve adapting the expression “spill the beans” into an appropriate idiom in the target language? A. Word-level B. Textual C. Above word-level D. Pragmatic

A translator uses honorifics and indirect forms of request in Japanese to preserve the speaker’s intent and politeness in the source text. This demonstrates:

Using pronouns and reference chains in translation to avoid repetition and ensure cohesion is an example of: A. Textual equivalence B. Word-level equivalence C. Grammatical equivalence D. Above word-level equivalence

Translating “strong tea” as “trà đậm” (literally “dense tea”) is an example of: A. Grammatical equivalence B. Textual equivalence C. Above word-level equivalence D. Word-level equivalence

Rendering “under the weather” as “cảm thấy không khỏe” (feeling unwell) in Vietnamese is: A. Word-level equivalence B. Above word-level equivalence C. Textual equivalence D. Pragmatic equivalence

9. If the target language lacks a word for “privacy”, and the translator uses a phrase like “freedom from being watched”, this is: A. Above word-level equivalence B. Word-level equivalence C. Grammatical equivalence D. Textual equivalence

5. What does pragmatic equivalence primarily deal with? A. Syntactic patterns B. Idiomatic expressions C. Implicature, politeness, and speaker intention D. Word-for-word translation

10. When a translator chooses words that convey politeness based on the norms of the target culture, this reflects: A. Grammatical equivalence B. Word-level equivalence C. Pragmatic equivalence D. Textual equivalence

Rendering the phrase “Can you close the door?” as a polite command in another language based on social norms is: A. Textual equivalence B. Word-level equivalence C. Pragmatic equivalence D. Grammatical equivalence

2. What does above word-level equivalence focus on? A. Translating culture-specific references B. Syntax and structure C. Idioms, collocations, and fixed expressions D. Implicature and politeness

Replacing English conjunctions like “however” with equivalent discourse markers in the target language supports: A. Grammatical equivalence B. Textual equivalence C. Word-level equivalence D. Pragmatic equivalence

The translation of a news report maintains the original logical flow and paragraph transitions using conjunctions and sequencing devices. This reflects: A. Grammatical equivalence B. Above word-level equivalence C. Textual equivalence D

Translating “bureaucracy” using a long phrase in the target language to explain the concept is: A. Word-level equivalence B. Grammatical equivalence C. Pragmatic equivalence D. Textual equivalence

Adapting the verb tense from present perfect in English to past simple in the target language is: A. Word-level equivalence B. Pragmatic equivalence C. Grammatical equivalence D. Textual equivalence

4. When a translator considers sentence structure, verb tense, and voice, they are mainly dealing with: A. Word-level equivalence B. Grammatical equivalence C. Textual equivalence D. Pragmatic equivalence

3. Which level of equivalence addresses cohesion and coherence across a whole text? A. Word-level B. Above word-level C. Textual D. Grammatical

Translating “He’s a pain in the neck” as “Anh ta thật phiền phức” (He’s so annoying) is: A. Pragmatic equivalence B. Word-level equivalence C. Grammatical equivalence D. Above word-level equivalence

8. What is the main concern of textual equivalence? A. Accurate cultural references B. Natural-sounding syntax C. Maintaining logical and cohesive links between sentences D. Lexical gaps

1. Which level of equivalence deals with single lexical items and their direct or descriptive translation? A. Grammatical B. Word-level C. Pragmatic D. Textual