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Stages 22-23 Culture only S25

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  • Name THREE gods or groups of gods Romans made offerings to for household protection
    Vesta, Lares, Penates
  • Verum aut falsum: Vota were spirits or divinities that were seen in natural phenomena
    Falsum (that was numina)
  • Name TWO reasons it was beneficial to promote Roman religion and emperor worship in the provinces
    people looked to Rome to improve their careers; it made Roman rule acceptable; reduced the chance of uprisings, gave people a sense of belonging to the empire
  • Name TWO things that were typically on a curse tablet
    name of the offender (or potentials), invocation of a god, crime, wanted punishment, magic words (Voces Magicae), images (Characteres)
  • Name two examples of Vota
    food and wine, animal sacrifice, gifts, promises of offerings if prayers were fulfilled
  • Numina v. Vota
    divine spirits/power v. offerings to the gods
  • Verum aut Falsum: Romans were intolerant of other religions and made the conquered convert to their religion
    falsum
  • What is the Latin name of the Chief Priest of Rome?
    Pontifex Maximus
  • Verum aut Falsum: Romans deified their Emperors while they were alive
    Falsum
  • About how many defixiones have been found in Britain?
    over 300
  • The book named 9 major ROMAN gods that were worshipped; name THREE of them
    Juppiter, Juno, Minerva, Ceres, Apollo, Diana, Mars, Venus, (Vesta)
  • What are voces magicae and characteres?
    meaningless, magical words to increase the effect of the curse; symbols/images used on the curse
  • What is the name of the protective spirit of the emperor linked with the goddess Roma?
    genius
  • What was the role of the Pontifex Maximus? Who held that role?  Who holds this title now?
    The Chief Priest - well connected political men - became the Emperor in later times; the Pope now
  • Verum aut Falsum: Augures looked to the birds for signs of the gods.
    Verum
  • Name TWO things that were typically on a curse tablet
    name of the offender (or potentials), invocation of a god, crime, wanted punishment, magic words (Voces Magicae), images (Characteres)
  • Haruspices and Augures both read omens. How did each profession read the omens?
    H - livers/other things about the sacrifice of animals; A - read the signs of birds
  • The book named 9 major ROMAN gods that were worshipped; name THREE of them
    Juppiter, Juno, Minerva, Ceres, Apollo, Diana, Mars, Venus, (Vesta)
  • What seemed to be the most common material of curse tablets?
    lead
  • What was Charon's role in the Underworld?
    Ferryman; carries souls across the River (Styx)
  • What was Vesta the goddess of, and why was she important to Romans?
    the hearth; her priestesses, the Vestal Virgins tended the sacred fire of Rome
  • What is the Latin word for a curse tablet?
    defixio (defixiones)
  • What were omina? What were they intended for?
    omens or warnings from the gods about possible danger/misfortune meant to help them avoid the negative event
  • What TWO things did ancient people do to enact a curse tablet?
    Fix/Pierce the tablet and put it somewhere sacred
  • What was the name of the group that kept the eternal flame of Rome? What happened if they broke their vows?
    Vestal Virgins - they were killed by starvation