Study

Research Methods & design

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  • A study finds a strong positive correlation between ice cream sales and drowning incidents. What type of correlation is this?
    Spurious correlation
  • What is the term for publicly registering a study's hypotheses and methods before data collection?
    Preregistration
  • Which statistical test is best when comparing means between two groups?
    t-test
  • What was the main finding of Bandura’s "Bobo doll" experiment?
    Children learn aggression through observation.
  • What is the main difference between covert and overt observations?
    Covert observations are done in secret, while overt observations inform participants.
  • The only research method that can study causal effects is?
    experiment
  • What is the main difference between quasi-experiment and a true experiment (laboratory)?
    Quasi-experiment lacks random assignment.
  • What did the case study of Phineas Gage demonstrate about brain function?
    The role of the frontal lobe in personality and decision-making.
  • What is meta-analysis?
    A method that statistically combines results from multiple studies
  • What is the "experimenter effect"?
    Situation in which, the researcher unintentionally influences participants' behavior.
  • What is the main difference between a field experiment and a laboratory experiment?
    A field experiment takes place in a real-world setting.
  • What are the key points/elements that the preregistration should include (name at least 3)?
    Research question, hypotheses, measurements, sample size calculation
  • When are case studies most useful?
    When studying rare or complex phenomena.
  • In an interview study, why might a researcher use a semi-structured interview instead of a structured one?
    To allow flexibility in exploring participant responses
  • Which psychological research method focuses on analyzing multiple studies to detect overall trends?
    Meta-analysis
  • A study finds a correlation of r=−0.60 between daily stress levels and hours of sleep. What does this number indicate?
    A strong negative correlation
  • What do we call the process of checking results/verifying results using another research method?
    Trangulation
  • The case study of Genie Wiley provided key insights into which psychological concept?
    The effects of isolation on language development
  • In an experiment with repeated measures design, each participant....
    Experiences all conditions of the independent variable
  • A study investigates whether drinking coffee improves memory. What is the dependent variable?
    Memory performance
  • What is the biggest limitation of a laboratory experiment?
    It has low external validity/high costs
  • A researcher finds that the number of study hours per week is positively correlated with final exam scores ( 𝑟 = 0.75). What does this mean?
    As study hours increase, exam scores also increase
  • What organization tracks and reports retracted scientific papers due to misconduct or errors?
    Retraction watch
  • What is an interaction effect in a factorial design?
    When the effect of one independent variable depends on the level of another
  • Which type of interview allows participants to speak freely with no fixed questions?
    Unstructured interview
  • What is the "observer effect" in observational research?
    When participants change their behavior because they know they are being observed
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