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TH Ch. 19 Cattle and Cotton

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  • What system was commonly used for cotton farming that involved farmers working on someone else's land?
    Ranch sharing
    Free farming
    Sharecropping
    Crop rotation
  • Which technological advancement had the biggest impact on changing the cattle industry in Texas?
    Steam engines
    Horse saddles
    Barbed wire fencing
    Cotton gins
  • The primary market for Texas cotton was:
    France
    New Orleans
    England
    New York
  • Most cattle drives occurred between:
    1865-1885
    1905-1925
    1885-1905
    1845-1865
  • The Texas cattle industry was influenced by _ ranching methods and Mexican vaquero traditions.
    Cattle Kingdom
    Spanish
    barbed wire
    railroads
  • What ended the open range era?
    Introduction of tractors
    Decline in beef demand
    Discovery of oil
    Overgrazing and harsh winters
  • The XIT Ranch was approximately:
    2 million acres
    4 million acres
    1 million acres
    3 million acres
  • The Texas Longhorn breed was known for:
    Docile nature
    Short horns
    High meat quality
    Disease resistance
  • _ was a key factor that helped the cattle industry thrive, allowing cattle to be transported to markets.
    Cotton Industry
    barbed wire
    Railroads
    Cattle Kingdom
  • King Ranch was established by:
    Charles Goodnight
    Richard King
    Shanghai Pierce
    Samuel Maverick
  • What was a key factor that contributed to the dominance of cattle ranching in Texas during the Era of Cattle and Cotton?
    Industrialization
    Increase in cotton farming
    Open range
    Urbanization
  • What innovation helped preserve and transport beef over long distances?
    Smoke houses
    Refrigerated rail cars
    Salt preservation
    Canning systems
  • The sharecropping system in Texas was characterized by:
    Farmers providing labor in exchange for some of the crop
    Farmers owning their own land
    Equal profit sharing between landowner and farmer
    Government regulation of farming practices
  • The _ era took place from 1865 to 1885 and was characterized by the dominance of cattle ranching in Texas.
    barbed wire
    Cattle Kingdom
    Cotton Industry
    Railroads
  • Barbed wire was introduced in:
    1870
    1865
    1880
    1874
  • What was the largest ranch in Texas?
    6666 Ranch
    JA Ranch
    King Ranch
    XIT Ranch
  • What was the primary cattle trail used to move cattle north?
    Chisholm Trail
    Appalach
    Oregon Trail
    Santa Fe Trail
  • Which group's traditions heavily influenced Texas ranching methods?
    African Americans
    Mexican vaqueros
    European settlers
    Native Americans
  • How did cotton gins change farming?
    They sped up the processing of cotton
    They increased planting speed
    They improved soil quality
    They reduced the need for labor
  • Which of these was NOT one of the major cattle trails used during the cattle drive era?
    Western Trail
    Goodnight-Loving Trail
    Santa Fe Trail
    Chisholm Trail
  • Who invented barbed wire?
    Cyrus McCormick
    Eli Whitney
    Joseph Glidden
    Alexander Graham Bell
  • The open range era ended primarily due to:
    Railroad expansion
    Drought
    Cattle disease
    Fence laws
  • What factor contributed most to the growth of the cotton industry in Texas?
    The invention of refrigerated rail cars
    The development of barbed wire
    The climate and soil conditions
    The end of cattle drives
  • What was a primary responsibility of a trail boss during cattle drives?
    Negotiating cattle prices
    Making decisions about the route and crew safety
    Cooking for the crew
    Breaking in new horses
  • Which of these factors did NOT contribute to the end of the open range?
    Fence laws
    Railroad expansion
    Overgrazing
    Harsh winters
  • Cotton farming in Texas was most challenged by:
    Labor shortage
    Boll weevil
    Poor soil
    Drought
  • Which factor contributed to the growth of agricultural communities in Texas?
    Lack of educational systems
    Decline in population
    Social structures and trade
    Decreased transportation options
  • Who among these was a famous Texas rancher?
    Stephen F. Austin
    Sam Houston
    Charles Goodnight
    John Wesley Hardin
  • Sharecroppers typically received:
    2/3 crop
    1/2 crop
    1/3 crop
    1/4 crop
  • Which breed of cattle became associated with early Texas ranching?
    Brahman
    Angus
    Texas Longhorn
    Hereford
  • What was the typical duration of a cattle drive?
    6-7 months
    2-3 weeks
    2-3 months
    4-5 months
  • What was the size of the King Ranch during this period?
    2 million acres
    3 million acres
    825,000 acres
    1 million acres
  • The vaquero traditions primarily influenced which aspect of Texas ranching?
    Ranching techniques and equipment
    Business management
    Cattle breeding
    Ranch architecture
  • The Chisholm Trail ended in:
    Denver
    Chicago
    St. Louis
    Abilene
  • What was the primary time period known as the "Cattle Kingdom" in Texas?
    1905-1925
    1885-1905
    1845-1865
    1865-1885
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