The main way _____ I made money as a student was by pool hustling other students.
by which
She often has her phone off, _____ it difficult to get hold of her.
making / which makes
PacMan was one of the first games _____ on mobile phones.
played / which was played
Correct or incorrect and why? I lived in Andalucia for several years, that I found to be truly enjoyable.
INCORRECT: ..., which I found to be truly enjoyable. That cannot be used to introduce a non-defining clause.
There are some people in Madrid _____ lives have been ruined by an addiction to slot machines.
whose
She gives improvisation classes who/in which students make up scenes.
in which
The BBC ran a story called, 'Veganuary into Febretarian', _____(verb) the benefits of adopting a meat-free lifestyle.
explaining / expounding
The last bus _____ leaves from Madrid today is due in Aranda at 7 pm.
that
who
what
when
Mr Bean was a TV show _____ was loved by adults and children alike.
which
Can you leave out ‘who’ in this sentence? The people who I know best are my parents.
YES, BECAUSE IT IS THE OBJECT OF THE DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSE.
CREATE A COMMENT CLAUSE: The temperatures in Aranda have reached up to -10° this year,
which...
Watching / Having watched the first John Wick film, I was desperate to find the sequel somewhere online.
Having watched
Online message boards are spaces _____ you can interact with others.
where / in which
A defining/non-defining relative clause gives essential information.
DEFINING
The TV channel _____ people watch most is the one with no advertisements.
which
Bitcoin is a currency _____ came into circulation in 2009.
which / that
I'd read an excellent review of my new Smartphone in a magazine specialised / specialising in new technologies. That's why I bought it.
specialising
Have you ever met anyone _____ has a black belt in karate?
who
Bitcoin grabbed the attention of the man on the street, ______ viewed it as a lost opportunity when its value skyrocketed.
who
The trainers _____ I wanted are too expensive.
which
Farmville and Candy Crush, _____ were popular online games, dominated Facebook in its early years.
which
What kind of information do non-defining relative clauses give?
They give non-essential information.
BBC1 released a new series of Dracula, written by Mark Gatiss and _____ on the novel by Bram Stoker.
based
The youth club _____ my parents met in the 1990s is still popular today.
where
What is a comment clause?
It is a clause used in non-defining clauses to comment on a previous clause.
Invent a sentence using a comment clause.
..., which...
The package _____ your birthday present has arrived!
contains
containing
contain
who contains
Can you leave out ‘that’ in this sentence? The homework that you gave me is far too difficult.
YES, BECAUSE IT IS THE OBJECT OF THE DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSE.
I came out of the bar shivered / shivering in the cold.
shivering
Any building work _____ this year will need to be approved of by the planning department.
undertaken
undertook
that’s undertook
undertaking
The people _____ I thought were my closest friends turned out to be a real disappointment.
what
whose
who
which
My car, _______ is over 40 years old, has already done more than 700,000 kilometres.
which
There are sad lonely men all over the world _____ an obsession with their football team is their only escape.
for whom
The office _____ you and your colleagues work will need to be relocated to another part of the city unfortunately.
which
on which
in which
by which
Computer games go back to Pong, _____ was developed in the late 70s.
which
Quad bikes, _____ by many tourists around the Greek islands, are a great way to discover beaches and ancient ruins.
drive
drove
driving
driven
The library is often the place _____ people come to study.
who
where
when
whose
Glacial erosion, _____ to be a major contributor to climate change, is happening at a faster rate than previously expected.
having thought
which is thought
thinking
think
Who, that and which can be left out when they are the ____ of a defining relative clause.
OBJECT
The man _____ café went out of business last year has opened a new one.
whose