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Bathroom: Toilets, Sinks, and Bathtubs

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  • Why did early Christians in Europe disapprove of bathing?
    They believed it was sinful and unhealthful.
  • Who designed the prefabricated floor-to-ceiling bathroom unit in the 20th century?
    George Sakier.
  • What kind of water system do modern environmentally-friendly toilets often use?
    Systems that recycle wastewater from sinks into the toilet tank.
  • What innovation allows modern bathrooms to balance luxury and practicality?
    A combination of separate tubs for specific purposes and water-saving designs.
  • What French word does “lavatory” come from, and what does it mean?
    "Lavabo," meaning “to offer a wash.”
  • What invention did Jacuzzi bring to bathtubs?
    Whirlpool baths with jets that shot bubbles.
  • What feature of Sakier’s sink made it visually appealing?
    The repetition of straight lines and balanced proportions.
  • Who invented the first flushing toilet, and when?
    Sir John Harington in 1596.
  • What did early settlers in the United States use to decorate outhouses?
    Wallpaper, newspaper, and catalogs.
  • What type of baths did pioneers in America use during their westward journeys?
    Portable steam baths.
  • What shape did Gio Ponti design for his sink in 1953?
    An angled shape resembling arms washing.
  • Why were hot tubs originally made from wine barrels in the 1970s?
    They were readily available and suitable for soaking.
  • What exhibition included Sakier’s prefabricated sink unit?
    Machine Art at the New York Museum of Modern Art.
  • What was the size of the custom bathtub made for President William Howard Taft?
    Large enough to hold four workmen sitting inside.
  • What ancient civilizations showed people washing with water poured from jugs?
    Ancient Egyptians and Greeks.
  • What was the name of the first American poet to install an indoor toilet?
    Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.
  • What innovation did Thomas Crapper contribute to toilets?
    He perfected the cistern, making flushing quieter.
  • Why did people prefer white bathroom fixtures in the early 20th century?
    White was associated with cleanliness and looked sanitary.
  • What were early Roman latrine seats separated by in Timgad, North Africa?
    Carvings of dolphins.
  • What material was the earliest known bathtub, found in Knossos, made of?
    Clay
  • What did Native American sweat lodges combine bathing with?
    Purification and healing ceremonies.
  • What type of sink did the Kohler Company introduce in the 1930s that didn’t sell well?
    The "dental lavatory" or Denlava.
  • What was one of the main materials used to make washbasins in the 1830s?
    Marble.
  • What phrase did people shout in the Middle Ages before throwing the contents of their chamber pots out the window?
    “Gardy-loo!”
  • What problem occurred with low-flush toilets in 1996?
    They lacked flushing power and often overflowed.
  • What innovation made sinks more sanitary in the 1880s?
    The development of vitreous china.
  • What shape was Benjamin Franklin’s portable bathtub?
    Shaped like a short boot (slipper bath).
  • What became a popular alternative to claw-foot tubs in 1911?
    Built-in bathtubs set flat on the floor.
  • Why were gray plastic sink handles designed after World War II unpopular?
    They reminded people of wartime materials.
  • What material was the toilet seat in the ancient Egyptian city of Tel el Amarna made from?
    Limestone.