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  • Freedmen's Bureau
    Provided education and support for African Americans.
  • Public education systems
    Established by Republican legislatures during Reconstruction.
  • Blanche K. Bruce
    Second African American U.S. Senator, first elected full term.
  • Political involvement
    African Americans sought roles in government post-Civil War.
  • Congressional representation
    14 African Americans served in the House during Reconstruction.
  • Republican Party
    Political party supported by African Americans in the South.
  • African-American delegates
    265 delegates in state conventions post-Civil War.
  • Literacy
    Ability to read and write; essential for contracts.
  • Freedmen's Schools
    Educational institutions for African Americans during Reconstruction.
  • Voting registration
    Encouraged by local leaders for African Americans.
  • Economic slavery
    Sharecropping led to debt and dependency on landowners.
  • Sharecropping
    Farming system where workers paid with crop profits.
  • Kinship structures
    Efforts to reestablish family connections post-slavery.
  • General William T. Sherman
    Issued order for land distribution to freed slaves.
  • Hiram Rhodes Revels
    First African American U.S. Senator from Mississippi.
  • Special Field Order No. 15
    Set aside land for African Americans post-Civil War.
  • Social justice
    Fair distribution of rights and opportunities.
  • Migration north or west
    Many African Americans left for better opportunities.
  • Family reunification
    Goal of many African Americans during Reconstruction.
  • Civil War impact
    Slavery disrupted family structures among African Americans.
  • Education value
    Seen as a path to empowerment for African Americans.
  • Social and political events
    Gatherings often held in African-American churches.
  • Acting governor
    Pinckney Pinchback served in this role temporarily.
  • Reconstruction Acts
    Laws enabling African Americans to gain political freedom.
  • Community leaders
    Ministers often led African-American political efforts.
  • Community schools
    Often located in churches or on owned land.
  • Civil rights understanding
    Education helped African Americans comprehend their rights.
  • Freedmen's Bureau
    Agency assisting African Americans in family reunification.
  • Wage economy
    Economic system where work is compensated with money.
  • State legislatures
    About 600 African Americans participated in these bodies.
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